Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Part 2 Exam > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

SA node

A

primary pacemaker of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

SA node location

A

located in the superior right atrium at the entrance of the superior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

SA node intrinsic rate

A

60 to 100 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intra-Atrial Tracts/Pathway

A

creates preferred routes of propagation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bachman’s Bundle

A

anterior tract divided and extends to the LA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

AV node

A
  • only normal conduction pathway to the ventricles
  • secondary pacemaker if SA nodal rate suppressed
  • calcium is the major ion responsible for the action potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Triangle of Koch

A

located in the floor of the right atrium superior to the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Purposes of delay at AV node

A
  • allows for atrial contraction

- protects the ventricles from inappropriate high atrial rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bundle of His

A

most proximal portion of the ventricular conduction system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

terminal end of entire conduction system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

AV node intrinsic rate

A

40 to 60 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Purkinje Fibers intrinsic rate

A

20 to 40 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Action Potential (contractile tissue)

A
  • the sodium-potassium ATPase pump maintains the negative resting potential
  • resume the pre-depolarization electrolyte levels by exchanging 3 sodium ions out for 2 potassium ions into the cell
  • active process requiring magnesium and energy (ATP)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Phase 0

A
  • rapid depolarization of the cell

- Na+ rushes into cell, making it “less negative”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Phase 2

A
  • “plateau” phase
  • slowing of depolarization
  • calcium enters cell, leading to contraction of the muscle is sustained, slower manner
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phase 3

A
  • sudden acceleration in the rate of depolarization
  • potassium movement into cell causes this rapid return in intracellular negativity
  • Sodium-potassium pump operates at this phase
  • required ATP and magnesium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pacemaker Cell Action Potential

A

Funny channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Orthodromic

A

traveling in the normal direction and then back up the accessary pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Antidromic

A

traveling in opposite direction to the normal pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PR interval

A

impulse transmission from SA node throughout the atria and to the AV node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PR interval normal range

A

0.12 to 0.20 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

QRS complex

A

depolarization of the ventricular myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

QRS duration

A

less than 0.12 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rate ruler

A

easiest with least amount of math involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Six-second strip method
- count the number or QRS complexes in six seconds | - multiple by 10
26
Large Box Method
- find a QRS on a thicker line of the ECG graph paper | - count how many large grid boxes to the next QRS
27
Large Box Method rate
300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50, 43, 37
28
Normal heart rate
60 to 100 bpm
29
Bradycardia
less than 60
30
Tachycardia
greater than 100
31
QRS Complex width
normal is 0.08 to 0.12 seconds
32
Lead I
records voltage difference from the right arm to the left arm
33
Lead II
records voltage difference from right arm to left leg
34
Lead III
records voltage difference from the left arm to the left leg
35
Right leg lead
ground lead
36
V1
4th intercostal space right sternal border
37
V2
4th intercostal space left sternal border
38
V3
midline between V2 and V4
39
V4
5th intercostal space midclavicular line
40
V5
5th intercostal space anterior axillary line
41
V6
5th intercostal space mid-axillary line
42
Limb Lead Reversal
- P wave in lead II inverted - there is "global negativity" in lead I - QRS is upright in aVR - Dextrocardia
43
Precordial Lead Problems
- incorrect identification of angle of Louis (2nd ICS) - placing electrode on top of breast tissue vice under (on chest wall) - interchanging two leads
44
Misplaced Precordial Leads
- unusual chest wall configuration | - inappropriate "landmarks"
45
V1 and V2
septal area
46
V3 and V4
anterior (apical) area
47
Lead I, aVL, V5, V6
lateral area
48
Lead II, III, and aVF
inferior area
49
Normal axis
Lead I is positive | Lead aVF is positive
50
Left Axis Deviation
``` I = positive aVF = negative ```
51
Right Axis Deviation
``` I = negative aVF= positive ```
52
Indeterminate Axis
``` I = negative aVF = negative ```
53
Arrhythmia
1) a disturbance in or loss of regular rhythm. (2) especially, any variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat, it may be an abnormality of either the rate, regularity, or site of impulse origin or the sequence of activation. The term encompasses abnormal regular and irregular rhythms as well as loss of rhythm.
54
Automaticity
(1) the state or quality of being automatic. (2) the capacity of a cell to initiate an impulse, such as depolarization, without an external stimulus.
55
Bradycardia
slowness of the heartbeat, as evidenced by slowing of the pulse rate to less than 60 beats per minute.
56
Chronotropy
referring to the time or rate, as the rate of contraction of the heart. Something that causes positive chronotropy will result in an increase in heart rate (e.g., epinephrine, atropine), while a negative chronotrope causes a decrease in heart rate (e.g. beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers).
57
Depolarization
1) the process or act of neutralizing polarity. (2) in electrophysiology, the reversal of the resting potential in excitable cell membranes when stimulated, i.e., the tendency of the cell membrane potential to become positive with respect to the potential outside the cell.
58
Dromotropy
referring to the conductivity of a nerve fiber, such as the rate of depolarization, thus affecting the speed at which impulse transmission flow. Positive dromotropy refers to a state in which impulse transmission is made faster (e.g., epinephrine, atropine), whereas a negative dromotrope causes a reduction in the velocity of such transmission (e.g., digitalis, adenosine).
59
Inotropy
referring to the force or energy of muscular contraction. Something causing positive inotropy will result in an increase in the contractile force (e.g., dopamine, dobutamine), while a negative inotrope leads to a reduced or weaker degree of contractility (e.g., beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers).
60
Reentry
reexcitation of a region of cardiac tissue by a single impulse, continuing for one or more cycles and sometimes resulting in ectopic beats or tachyarrhythmias. It can exist over either an anatomical or a functional area of slowed impulse conduction and requires also refractoriness of tissue to stimulation and an area of unidirectional block to conduction.

Part 2 Exam (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions