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PHTH 524 > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

Intrinsic rate of the SA node

A

60-100 bpm

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2
Q

intrinsic rate of AV node

A

40-60 bpm

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3
Q

intrinsic rate of ventricles

A

25-40 bpm

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4
Q

What does the P wave represent

A

depolarization of both atria

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5
Q

What does the P-R interval represent

A

The electrical transmission from the atria to the ventricles

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6
Q

What does the QRS complex represent

A

ventricular depolarization

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7
Q

what does the S-T segment represent

A

early repolarization

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8
Q

What does the T wave represent

A

repolarization of the ventricles

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9
Q

3 methods to calculate HR

A
  1. 1500 method
  2. Cardiac ruler
  3. 6-second method
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10
Q

What is the 1500 method

A
  • Calculate R-R interval

HR = 1500/# of squares

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11
Q

What is the cardiac ruler method

A
  • each 5 mm block = 300
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12
Q

What is the 6-second method

A
  • 6 seconds on strip is 30 5mm boxes
  • Count number of RR intervals during 6-seconds
  • Multiply by 10
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13
Q

what is sinus bradycardia

A

HR < 60 bpm

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14
Q

what is tachycardia

A

HR > 100 bpm

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15
Q

The more leads an ECG has, the more….

A

accurate

the more snapshots of the heart

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16
Q

What are the 6 steps to interpretation of 3 or 5 lead ECG

A
  1. calculate rate
  2. calculate rhythm
  3. examine the relationship between the P wave and the QRS complex
  4. Examine the PR interval
  5. Check for terrible triad of ischemia, injury, and infarction
  6. What are the hemodynamic consequences of this rhythm
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17
Q

How do you examine atrial rhythm

A

P-P intervals using pencil + paper

18
Q

how do you examine atrial rhythm

A

R-R intervals using pencil + paper

19
Q

What is a slightly irregular rhythm? Makedly?

A

< or equal to 0.04s

>0.04

20
Q

What is the amplitude and duration of a normal p wave

A

amp: 2-3 mm high
duration: 0.06-0.12 s

21
Q

What is the amplitude and duration of a QRS complex

A
  • Amp: 5-30 mm

- Duration: 0.04-.11 s

22
Q

Normal duration of PR interval

A

0.12-0.20 seconds

23
Q

What does a peaked or enlarged P-wave indicate

A

atrial hypertrophy or enlargement associated with COPD, pulmonary emboli, vascular disease or heart failure

24
Q

What does an inverted P wave indicate

A

reverse conduction from atriaventricular junction toward atria

25
Q

What do varying p waves indicate

A

impulse may be coming from different sites, wandering pacemaker, damage near SA node

26
Q

What does an absent P-wave indicate

A

conduction route other than SA node - atrial fibrillation

27
Q

What do no p waves indicate

A

complete heart block

28
Q

What does a deep/wide QRS complex indicate

A

myocardial infarction

29
Q

what does an absent QRS complex indicate

A

atrioventricular block

30
Q

What does a prolonged PR interval mean

A

conduction delay from meds or heart block

31
Q

What does a shortened PR interval indicate

A

impulse originated from somewhere other than SA node

32
Q

What are the 3 signs of a terrible triad

A
  • inverted T waves
  • Elevated or depressed ST segment
  • Q-waves - usually negative deflection
33
Q

what does an inverted T wave mean

A
  • myocardial ischemia
34
Q

What does an elevated or depressed ST segment indicate

A

myocardial injury

35
Q

What does a Q-wave longer than 0.04s indicated

A

myocardial infarction or myocardial necrosis

36
Q

What are the steps to the development of an acute MI

A
  • ST elevation
  • T wave inversion
  • Start of a Q wave
  • Normalization of the ST segment
37
Q

What does the diagnoses of MI depend on

A
  • Chest discomfort and symptoms (nausea, fatigue, SOB)

- ECG abnormality

38
Q

In what populations is it important to be aware of a premature ventricular contraction

A

acute MI & post-op cardiac patient populations

39
Q

What is an premature ventricular contraction? How does it appear on an ECG

A

An early beat originating in the ventricles characterized by a premature, wide QRS complex, no associated P wave (typically), ST segment/T wave that slope opposite main QRS complex, followed by a pause

40
Q

What in the consequence of a premature ventricular contraction

A

More than 6-minute, runs in 3 or more, needs medical attention

41
Q

What is the treatment for premature ventricular contraction

A

antiarrhythmic medication

42
Q

What are 5 questions/steps to determine your action

A
  1. know the MD assessment and recommendations/referral parameters
  2. Do they have accompanying objective symptoms
  3. What are the protocold where you are working
  4. What are the code blue protocols where you are working
  5. When in doubt notify RN/MS ASAP

PHTH 524 (15 decks)

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