ECG Flashcards
How to read ECG
Patient details Rate - irregular or regular Cardiac axis Every p wave followed by QRS Every QRS preceded by p wave PR interval between 3-5 small squares QRS less than 3 small squares ST elevation or depression Normal T waves Bundle branch block? Wha cardiac ares are the abnormalities in?
Calculating rate
Regular rhythm: 300/R-R
Irregular: QRS complexes in 30 large squares x 10
How many large squares in 1 second
5
In what leads are p and T waves always upright
1,2 V2-6
In what leads are Q waves always absent
1,2 V2-6
Which lead is opposite of lead 2
AvR
When is ST elevation significant
> 1mm elevated in limb leads
> 2mm elevated in chest leads
How to place leads in posterior area
Replace V4,5,6 with V1,2,3 respectively
Put V4,5,6 on back and call them V7,8,9
Describe LAD syndrome
Ongoing chest pain associated with following ecg changes:
T wave inversion in leads 1,avL and V2-4
Describe left, right and normal cardiac axis deviation
Normal: positive in 1 and avF
LAD: negative in 2 and avF
RAD: negative in 1, positive in avF
Causes of LAD and RAD
Left: MI, WPW
Right: PE, pulmonary hypertension
ECG changes in acute STEMI in order of appearance
Hyperacute T waves ST elevation Q wave T wave inversion ST normalises T wave normalises Persistent Q wave
Differences between NSTEMI and STEMI
NSTEMI: ST depression, T wave inversion
STEMI: ST elevation, reciprocal changes
ECG changes in left and right bundle branch block
WiLLiaM MaRRoW
LBBB: W in V1 or M in V6
RBBB: M in V1 or W in V6
ECG changes in posterior STEMI
Reciprocal changes in leads V1-3
