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Y1 Cardiovascular > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

PR interval length?

A

0.12 - 0.2 secs

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2
Q

ST elevation in lead V4 indicates what location of MI?

A

Anterior

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3
Q

What should be given in chronic AF?

A

rate limiting drug and anticoagulation

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4
Q

What are U waves?

A

deflections following a T wave

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5
Q

Complete heart block shows what changes on an ECG?

A

absence of AVN conduction, typically bradycardia with uncoupled atrial and ventricular activity

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6
Q

treatment of symptomatic mobitz type I

A

atropine

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7
Q

If bradycardia is symptomatic or less than 40bpm then treat with…

A

atropine

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8
Q

What two rhythms are shockable?

A

VF and pulseless VT

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9
Q

Causes of Mobitz type II

A

anterior MI, Surgery, SLE, rheumatic fever, hyperkalaemia

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10
Q

ST elevation in lead III indicates what location of MI?

A

Inferior

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11
Q

ST elevation in lead aVL indicates what location of MI?

A

Lateral

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12
Q

Pathological Q waves may occur when…

A

There has been recent infarction

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13
Q

Hyperkalaemia may cause which ECG changes?

A

absent P waves, tall tented T waves, widened QRS

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14
Q

ST elevation in lead I indicates what artery in the MI?

A

Circumflex

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15
Q

ECG changes in Mobitz type II heart block?

A

intermittent non-conducted P waves with no PR prolongation. Usually 2:1 or 3:1

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16
Q

HR is determined in bpm as what with the large squares on the ECG paper?

A

300/no. of large squares between beats

300/no. of large squares between R-R

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17
Q

What happens in the TP segment?

A

Ventricular Diastole

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18
Q

QT interval length?

A

0.36 -0.44 secs

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19
Q

What are pathological Q waves?

A

> 0.04s wide and >2mm deep

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20
Q

The WilliaM pattern in V1 and V6 can be seen in which condition?

A

Right bundle branch block

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21
Q

Normal p wave length

A

0.08-0.1 sec

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22
Q

ST elevation in lead V3 indicates what location of MI?

A

Anterior

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23
Q

Notched QRS complexes indicate…

A

Left bundle branch block

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24
Q

ST elevation in lead V1 indicates what location of MI?

A

Septal

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25
Q

Which Lead normally provides the ECG rhythm strip?

A

Lead 2

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26
Q

What can be seen in First degree heart block?

A

prolonged PR interval >200ms

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27
Q

What are pathological Q waves a sign of…

A

infarction

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28
Q

Hypokalaemia may cause which ECG changes?

A

small T waves, prominent U waves

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29
Q

ST elevation in lead V2 indicates what location of MI?

A

Septal

30
Q

ST elevation may be seen in what situations?

A

MI, acute pericarditis, LV aneurysm

31
Q

One large box on 25mm/sec ECG paper is approx ____ secs

A

0.2 secs

32
Q

An absence of P waves indicates what rhythm?

A

AF

33
Q

T wave inversion is normal in leads V1-V3 in which groups of people

A

black patients and children

34
Q

T wave inversion is indicative of ________ in aVL and V4-6

A

Ischaemia

35
Q

One small box on 25mm/sec ECG paper is approx ____ secs

A

0.04 secs

36
Q

The MorroW patter in V1 and V6 can be seen in which condition?

A

Left bundle branch block

37
Q

ST elevation in lead I indicates what location of MI?

A

Lateral

38
Q

What causes the PR interval?

A

AV nodal delay

39
Q

Causes of first degree heart block

A

increased vagal tone, physical fitness, hyperkalaemia, inferior MI, AVN blocking drugs i.e. amiodarone

40
Q

Normal axis of the heart is…

A

-30 to 90 degrees

41
Q

Sinus bradycardia is…

A

HR<60bpm

42
Q

Causes of complete heart block

A

inferior MI, AVN blocking drugs, idiopathic disease

43
Q

ST elevation in lead aVF indicates what location of MI?

A

Inferior

44
Q

Causes of sinus bradycardia are…

A

physical fitness, vasovagal attacks, sick sinus syndrome, acute MI (inferior), drugs (b-blockers)

45
Q

What artery is affect by an MI in septal area of the heart?

A

Left anterior descending

46
Q

Sinus tachycardia is…

A

HR >100bpm

47
Q

ECG changes in Mobitz type I heart block

A

progressive lengthening of PR until drop of a QRS

48
Q

An ST elevation in acute pericarditis differs how?

A

saddle shaped

49
Q

What artery is affect by an MI in inferior area of the heart?

A

Right coronary artery

50
Q

Where may non-pathological Q waves occur?

A

In V5/6, aVL and I

51
Q

Signs of ventricular hypertrophy in the ECG

A

Voltage changes within QRS >20mm

52
Q

3 reasons for using a 12 lead ECG

A
  1. determine the axis of the heart in the thorax
  2. Looking for ST segment changes in different regions of the heart - Ischaemic Heart Disease
  3. Voltage criteria changes - chamber hypertrophy
53
Q

In pulmonary embolism, what ECG change might be seen?

A

T wave inversion or ST depression in V1/2 and also potentially II, III and aVF

54
Q

Hypocalcaemia cause what ECG changes?

A

Long QT with small T waves

55
Q

A normal resting ECG does not exclude…(3)

A
  1. MI - may or may not have ST elevation
  2. Intermittent rhythm disturbance - ambulatory ECG
  3. Stable Angina - Exercise ECG (ST changes)
56
Q

ST elevation in lead V5 indicates what location of MI?

A

Lateral

57
Q

Hypercalcaemia cause what ECG changes?

A

Short QT interval

58
Q

What happens during the ST segment?

A

Ventricular Systole

59
Q

T wave inversion may indicate which conditions

A

ischaemia, HCM, pulmonary embolism

60
Q

Normal QRS complex length

A

<0.1 sec

61
Q

What artery is affect by an MI in anterior area of the heart?

A

Right coronary artery

62
Q

ST elevation in lead II indicates what artery involved in an MI?

A

Right coronary artery

63
Q

ST elevation in lead II indicates what location of MI?

A

Inferior

64
Q

What artery is affect by an MI in lateral area of the heart?

A

Circumflex

65
Q

Causes of AF…

A

IHD, Thyrotoxicosis, hypertension, caffeine, alcohol

66
Q

ST elevation in lead V6 indicates what location of MI?

A

Lateral

67
Q

Causes of Mobitz type I heart block

A

b-blockers, CCBs, digoxin, increased vagal tone, inferior MI, cardiac surgery

68
Q

Drugs that can be used to control ventricular rate in AF?

A

verapamil, b-blockers

69
Q

Causes of sinus tachycardia are…

A

Exercise, anemia, pain, fever, sepsis, HF, PE and caffeine

70
Q

Which type of heart block is more serious? Mobitz type I or Mobitz type II…why?

A

Mobitz type II as it is more likely to progress to complete heart block

Y1 Cardiovascular (12 decks)

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