ECG

Question 1

ventricular fibrillation: common precipitating factors

Answer 1

MI/CAD, HF, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, hypotension/shock, electrolyte imbalances(hyperK, hyperCa, stimulants: caffeine, alcohol, drugs. In many cases VF if precipitated by VT.

Question 2

Tx of V fib

Answer 2

CPR, defibrillation, vasopressors(epinephrine) and antiarrhythmic (amiodoarone), correct underlying cause

Question 3

A. flutter: etiology

Answer 3

one focus in atria fiering at 250-350 bpm –> regular, preciptating factors: HF (MC), RHD, CAD, ASD

Question 4

Diagnosis of A flutter

Answer 4

ECG: saw tooth baseline (best seen in inf leads: II, III, aVF. w QRS after every 2nd or 3rd tooth.

Question 5

Treatment of A flutter

Answer 5

IV fluids, b-blockers, cardioconversion once rate control is achived. Chronic: b blocker and anticoagulation.

Question 6

supraventricular arrhythmia

def

Answer 6

arrhtymia tha originates in the atria or AV node.

Question 7

5 types of sustained supraventricular tachycardia

Answer 7

PSVT (AVNRT), A flutter, A. fibrillation, Multifocal atrial tachycardia, paroxymal atrial tachycardia (ectopic atrial tachycardia)

Question 8

Aortic stenosis ethiopatho

Answer 8

congenitak (bicuspid) calcificatin (age related) RF. symptomatic when

Question 9

Aortic stenosis clinical picture

Answer 9

Dyspne, ortopnea, PND, syncope, periperal edema, exertional angina. PE: cresendo-decresendo SEM murmur radiating to R clavicle and carotid. soft S2, S4, Pulsus parvus et tardus. Sustained PMI, precordial thrill.

Question 10

Aortic stenosis Dx

Answer 10

CXR. calcified valve + signs of CHF, eco, ECG.