ECG

Question 1

When does a P-wave occur?

Answer 1

Atrial depolariation

Question 2

Which part of the wave shows ventricular depolarisation?

Answer 2

QRS complex

Question 3

What does the PR interval show? What is normal?

Answer 3

AV conduction time. 3-5 small squares (120-200ms)

Question 4

What is a normal QRS complex?

Answer 4

120ms- 3 small squares

Question 5

what does the T wave show?

Answer 5

Ventricular repolarisation

Question 6

How to calculate heart rate on ECG?

Answer 6

Regular: 300/no. of boxes between 2 QRS
Irregular: no of peaks in rhythm strip x 6

Question 7

What conditions will you see a heart rate of 300 bpm?

Answer 7

WPW (where you see supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and AF, atrial flutter

Question 8

What is the speed of ECG and amplitude?

Answer 8

25mm/s and 10mm/mV

Question 9

Where are the chest leads placed?

Answer 9

V1: 4th intercostal right sternal edge
V2: 4th intercostal left sternal edge
V3: between V2 and V3
V4: 5th ICS mid-clavicular line
V5: in line with V4 and V6
V6: 5th ICS mid-axillary line

Question 10

What are the 4 limb leads and where are they placed?

Answer 10

Ride Your Green Bike
Red- RA
Yellow- LA
Green - LL
Blue- RL

Question 11

What leads give the anterior, lateral, inferior and septal view of the heart?

Answer 11

Septal: V1, V2
Anterior: V3, V4
Inferior: II, III, AVF
Lateral: I, AVL, V5 V6

Question 12

In a normal axis, what should lead I, II and AVF look like?

Answer 12

all positive- II more positive than I

Question 13

In a normal axis, what should lead I, II and AVF look like?

Answer 13

all positive- II more positive than I

Question 14

If I and AVF are positive what axis is it?

Answer 14

Normal

Question 15

If I is negative and AVF is positive what axis is it?

Answer 15

Left axis deviation

Question 16

What will be seen in right axis deviation?

Answer 16

I positive, II negative, AVF negative

Question 17

What is extreme axis?

Answer 17

AVF and I are both negative

Question 18

When is right axis deviation normal?

Answer 18

I positive, II positive, AVF negative

Question 19

What do you see in atrial flutter?

Answer 19

Saw tooth, tachycardia

Question 20

What is a sinus rhythm

Answer 20

presence of P waves

Question 21

What is observed in AF?

Answer 21

absence of P waves, irregular rhythm, tachycardia

Question 22

what is seen in first-degree heart block?

Answer 22

prolonged P wave

Question 23

what is seen in the different types of second degree block?

Answer 23

Mobitz type 1 (Wendebach): PR interval gets gradually longer until it isn’t followed by a QRS complex
Mobitz type 2: unpredictable- intermittently fail to conduct without prolongation of PR interval
2:1: 2 P waves before QRS wave

Question 24

what is observed in 3rd degree heart block?

Answer 24

No pattern is observed between P wave and QRS complex

Question 25

How is MI observed on an ECG?

Answer 25

ST elevation (STEMI)
ST depression (NSTEMI)
T inversion (NSTEMI)

Question 26

How is LBBB and RBBB observed on an o ECG?

Answer 26

RBBB : MaRoW - 1st lead looks like an M and 6th looks like a W
LBBB: WiLliam - 1st lead looks like a W and 6th looks like a M

both have broad QRS complex

Question 27

What is a delta wave?

Answer 27

slurred upstroke of QRS complex
with tachycardia, delta illustrates Wolf Parkinson White syndrome (WPW)

Question 28

What is observed in PE?

Answer 28

S1Q3R3- S depression in I, Q and R depression in III
Sinus tachycardia