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Cardiology > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

P wave height by?

A

RA

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2
Q

P wave width by?

A

LA

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3
Q

P wave dimension

A

2.5x2.5

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4
Q

P wave in V1

A

Sine wave (as RA towards v1 and LA away from V1)

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5
Q

Absent P wave?

A

Afib

JR

PSVT

Hyperkalemia***

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6
Q

LAE p wave in lead II and V1

MS/MR/S.HTN

A

II= P mitrale (width increases)

V1= Morris index > 0.04
Depth x width

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7
Q

RAE in II and V1?

TS/TR/PHTN

A

II = P pulmonale (tented P wave)

V1 = MI > 0.06

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8
Q

Pseudo p-pulmonale seen in?

A

Hypokalemia

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9
Q

Normal PR interval

A

3-5mm

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10
Q

PR interval signifies?

A

AV conductance

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11
Q

Prolonged PRi? (>1big square)

AvN block

A

1) Electrolyte : K+
2) Drugs : CCB/BB/Digoxin**
3) Myocarditis (RF) : dt inflammation of Av
4) Age related degeneration : Lev’s Disease/Lenegre’s disease
5) Infiltration : Amyloid/Hemochromatosis

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12
Q

Reduced PRi?

A

Dt accessory pathways bypassing AVN

LGL syndrome- Bundle of James

WPW syndrome-Bundle of Kent

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13
Q

Wpw syndrome prevalence with age and sex pref?

A

Decreases with age

M»»F

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14
Q

Types of Wpw?

A

Type A (left ventricle) —mc

Type B (right ventricle)

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15
Q

Features of WPW ecg?

A

Wide QRS
Reduced pri
Delta wave

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16
Q

Wide QRS morphology?? (0.08-0.12)

>0.12

A 
LBBB
RBBB
WPW
Blocking of INa+ = inc K+/Anti-arrythmics
Ventricle ectopics
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17
Q

QRS morphology 0.1-0.12?

A

Incomplete RBBB
Left Anterior Fascicular block
Left Posterior fascicular block

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18
Q

Height of QRS

A

5mm LL

10mm in precordial leads

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19
Q

Low voltage QRS
(Causes)

A 
COPD
CT
CP
RCMP (infiltration)
DCMP
Hypothyroid
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20
Q

QRS nomenclature

A

First + R
- before R = Q
- after R = S
+ after R = R’

(Small letters if voltage less)

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21
Q

RVH qrs complex on V1

A

R wave >7mm

22
Q

LVH qrs complex on V1 and V6

A

V1= rS

V6 = qRs (R>25mm)

23
Q

Best criteria for LvH

A

Sokolov Lyon criteria

S in V1 + R in V6 > 35mm

24
Q

RBBB cause and wave

A

PTE(RV strain)

Wave is rSr’ (RABBIT EAR) - with WIDE qrs

25
Q

ASHMANN SYNDROME a/w?

A

RBBB

26
Q

LBBB cause and wave

A

MI/LEV’s/Aortic valve disease

rR’ wave ( M Pattern wave - no wave below baseline)

27
Q

Proximal degeneration of Bundle branch fibres?

A

Levs syndrome

28
Q

Point of junction of Qrs and ST seg

A

J point

29
Q

Doming of J point causes

A

OSBORN WAVE

Hypothermia
Hypothyroid
Hypocalcemia
SAH

(V3-v4-v5)

30
Q

Double slurring of J wave

A

EPSILON WAVE

ARVD

31
Q

ST elevation calculation?

A

> 1 mm from PR seg-J point

IN 2 CONTIGUOUS LEADS

32
Q

ST elevation cardiac causes

A

MI
Prinzmetal angina

Takutsubo**

33
Q

ST depression cardiac causes

A 
Subendocardial MI (NSTEMI)
Unstable angina
34
Q

Non cardiac causes of ST elevation

A

OSBORN WAVE causes

35
Q

Non cardiac causes of ST depression

A

Hypokalemia

DIGOXIN**

36
Q

Cardiac non ischemic causes of ST elevation and depression

A

AP

Brugada. CP

37
Q

Smiling ST elevation

A

Acute pericarditis

38
Q

Coving of ST seg

A

BRUGADA SYNDROME
(Mutation of Na+ ch in RV)

rSr’ pattern

39
Q

Hockey stick ST dep

A

Digoxin

40
Q

Tall T waves

A

Hyperkalemia

T> by 50% of R wave

41
Q

Earliest sign of Mi ecg

A

Tall T waves with broad base

42
Q

ST dep + Tall T

A

De winters

Anterior wall MI

43
Q

ST elevation + Tall T waves

A

Wellens T wave

Unstable angina

44
Q

Giant T wave inversion (>10mm)

A

HOCM

V5-v6

45
Q

Normal QT length

A

10mm

46
Q

Bazetts’s formula (If HR increases QTi changes, to correct use formula)

A

QTc = QTi / ROOT R-Ri

47
Q

Congenital QT syndromes

A

Romanowand syndrome (AD)

Jervell syndrome (AR + SNHL)

High risk of TDP

48
Q

Short QTi cause?

A

Hypercalcemia

Thiazide diuretics (inc in s.ca++)

DIGOXIN (inc calcium)

49
Q

Long QTi

A

Hypocalcemia Hypomagnesemia

(Anti-ABCDE)
Anti Arrythmia: 1A and 3

AntiBiotics: macrolides FQ HCQ

AntiDepressants: TCA

Hypothyroidism - hypothermia

50
Q

Mc arrythmias in prolonged qti

A

TDP (clf syncope)

Vfib

Cardiology (3 decks)

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