ECE 2 Flashcards
A silicon pn junction device that is designed for
Operation in the reverse-breakdown region
Zener diodes
A diode that always operates in reverse bias and is doped to maximize the inherent
capacitance of the depletion region
Varactor diodes
When the device is forward-biased, electrons cross the pn junction from the n-type
material and recombine with holes in the p-type materials
Light-emitting diode
A device that operates in reverse bias where iy is the reverse light current. It has a
small transparent window that allows light to strike the pn junction
Photodiode
Also known as a photovoltaic cell, is a type of semiconductor device that converts
light into electrical energy
Solar cell
Normally emits coherent light, whereas the led emits incoherent light
Laser diode
Are high-current diodes used primarily in high-frequency and fast-switching
applications
Schottky diode
Consists of heavily doped p and n regions separated by an intrinsic region
Pin diode
Is a three-layer semiconductor device consisting
Of either two n- and one p-type layers of material or two p- and one n-type layers of
material
Transistor
Are three terminal semiconductor devices which could be used to amplify signals
Bipolar junction transistors
Derived from the fact that the base is common to both the input and output sides of
the configuration
Common base
Usually closest to or connected to the ground
Emitter
The base-emitter junction is forward-biased, whereas the collector-base junction is
reverse-biased
Active region
Base-emitter and collector-base junctions of a transistor are both reversed-biased
Cutoff region
Base-emitter and collector base junctions are forward-biased
Saturation region
Power supply that is directly or indirectly applied to the collector terminal of the
transistor
Collector biasing voltage (vcc)
Dc voltage that is used to bias the base of the transistor
Base biasaing voltage (vbb)
For common emitter, nothing more than a ground connection
Emitter biasing voltage (vee)
Means to keep the input circuit always forward biased and output circuit always
reverse biased
Transistor biasing
Refers to the dc voltages applied to a transistor in order to turn it on so that it can
amplify the ac signal
Biasing
The simplest transistor dc bias configuration
Fixed bias circuit
The line drawn over the collector curves to determine all possible operating points
Loadline
Generally a three terminal device which could be used in applications wherein
bipolar junction transistors are used
Field effect transistor
Are either n-channel or p-channel depending on its construction
Junction field effect transistor
Are both types of power mosfets used in power electronics
Vmos and umos power mosfets
A type of semiconductor technology widely used in digital circuits, such as
microprocessors and memory chips
Cmos (complementary
Metal-oxide-semiconductor)
Stands for metal semiconductor field effect transistor, which is a type of field-effect
transistor that uses a metal-semiconductor junction for the gate
Mosfet
Provides amplification of a signal without any distortion so that the output signal is
an exact amplified replica of the input signal
Linear amplifier
A combination of circuit elements
Model
Reflects the operation of the bjt at mid-frequencies. Is an equivalent network that is
used to predict the performance of the transistor amplifier
Re model
A logarithmic unit of measurement for power gain and voltage gain
Decibel
A unit for measuring power levels referenced to 1 mw
Dbm
A voltage amplifying device that can perform different operations. It is the most
useful device in analog circuitry. Are very high gain amplifiers with very wide
bandwidth, very high input impedance.
Single-ended input
One input is connected to the ground
Op-amp
Both input pins have input signal
Double-ended input
An op amp specification which indicates the voltage gain of an op amp when there is
no feedback resistor
Open loop voltage gain
When there is no input voltage in an op-amp, its output is ideally zero
Maximum output voltage swing
If the input of the op-amp is zero volts, ideally its output is equal to zero also
Input offset voltage
Measured across the output terminal of the op-amp
Output impedance
Defined as the maximum rate of change of the output voltage in a step input voltage
Slew rate
The principle is the same in basic amplifiers
Frequency response
Is one of the most useful concepts in electronics
Negative feedback
Is the voltage gain with external feedback circuit
Closed-loop voltage gain
This is a special case of the noninverting amplifier
Voltage follower
A specialized op-amp circuit in which the main function is to compare two input
voltages
Comparator
Has two or more inputs that provide a means of algebraically summing multiple
voltages, each multiplied by a constant-gain factor
Summing amplifier
Simulates mathematical integration, which is basically a summing process that
determines the total area under the curve of a function
Integrator
The differentiator circuit consists of capacitor as input element and resistor as
feedback element
Differentiator
