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ECE > ECE 1 > Flashcards

ECE 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Two-electrode vacuum tube

A

Introduced by thomas edison and john ambrose fleming in 1904

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2
Q

Thomas alva edison

A

The inventor of the first practical incandescent light bulb

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3
Q

Jack kilby

A

Invented the integrated circuit, paving the way for the miniaturization of early
microdevices

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4
Q

Integrated circuit

A

A complex combination of several kinds of devices on a common base, called
substrate

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5
Q

Atom

A

The smallest particle of an element that possesses the unique characteristics of that
element

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6
Q

Bohr model

A

According to this atoms have a planetary type of structure that consists of a central
nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons

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7
Q

Neils bohr

A

Creator of the bohr model

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8
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged particles

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9
Q

Neutrons

A

Uncharged particles

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10
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged particles

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11
Q

Free electrons

A

Electrons dislodged from the outer shell of an atom. Are also called condcution
electrons

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12
Q

Insulators

A

Electric charges do not flow freely in this material

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13
Q

Conductors

A

Materials that permit electrons to flow freely from particle to particle. They have
positive temperature coefficient

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14
Q

Semiconductors

A

Solids whose conductivity lies between conductivity of conductors and insulators.
They show the reduction of resistance with the increase in temperature. They have
negative temperature coefficient

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15
Q

Single crystal

A

Has a repetitive crystal structure

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16
Q

Compound

A

Constructed of two or more semiconductor materials of different atomic structures

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17
Q

Silicon

A

The most commonly used semiconductor

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18
Q

Band gap

A

The difference in energy between the valence band and the conduction band. This is
the amount of energy that a valence electron must have in order to jump from the
valence band to the conduction band.

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19
Q

Convalant bond

A

The bonding of atoms strengthened by the sharing of electrons

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20
Q

Intrinsic semiconductor

A

A semiconductor material that has been carefully refined to reduce the number of
impurities to a very low level

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21
Q

Doping

A

A process of adding impurities to pure semiconductor material to provide positive
and negative charges

22
Q

Atoms with 5 valence electrons or pentavalent are:

A

Arsenic (as)
Phosphorus (p)
Bismuth (bi)
Antimony (sb)

23
Q

Atoms with 3 valence electrons or tetravalent are:

A

Boron (b)
Indium (in)
Gallium (ga)

24
Q

Hole

A

The resulting vacancy in an atom

25
Q

Semiconductor diode

A

Is an electronic component created by joining an n-type material with a p-type
material

26
Q

Depletion region

A

Region of uncovered positive and negative ions

27
Q

Diode

A

A semiconductor device with a single pn junction that conducts current in only one
direction. Made from a small piece of semiconductor material usually silicon

28
Q

Anode

A

P region of a diode

29
Q

Cathode

A

N region of a diode

30
Q

No bias

A

No applied voltage across the diode

31
Q

Forward bias

A

Established by applying the positive potential to the n-type material and the negative
terminal is connected to the p-type material

32
Q

Reverse bias

A

Established by applying external potential v volts across the p-n junctions

33
Q

Reverse breakdown

A

Also called avalanche breakdown and zener breakdown. The external reverse-bias
voltage is increased to a value

34
Q

Ideal diode model

A

A perfect two-state device that exhibits zero impedance when forward biased and
infinite impedance when reversed biased

35
Q

Dc resistance

A

Is determined by the ratio of the diode voltage and current at the point of interest
and is not sensitive to the shape of the curve

36
Q

Ac resistance

A

Is sensitive to the shape of the curve in the region of interest and decreases for
higher levels of diode current or voltage

37
Q

Load line analysis

A

The intersection of the characteristic curve of the diode and the load lineThe intersection of the characteristic curve of the diode and the load line

38
Q

And gate

A

Has two or more inputs and only one output

39
Q

Or gate

A

Has two or more inputs and only one output

40
Q

Rectification

A

Process of converting an ac signal into a dc signal

41
Q

Rectifiers

A

Are used in power supplies to convert ac voltages to dc voltages

42
Q

Transformer

A

Changes ac voltages based on the turns ratio between the primary and secondary

43
Q

Filter

A

Eliminates the fluctuations in the rectified voltage and produces a relatively smooth
dc voltage

44
Q

Regulator

A

A circuit that maintains a constant dc voltage for
Variations in the input line voltage or in the load

45
Q

The simplest rectifier circuit

A

Half wave rectifier

46
Q

Have the ability to “clip” Off a portion of the input signal without distorting the
remaining part of the alternating waveform

A

Clippers

47
Q

Is one where the diode is in series with the load

A

Series clipper

48
Q

Is one where the diode is in parallel with the load

A

Parallel clipper

49
Q

A network constructed of a diode, resistor, and a capacitor shifts a waveform to a
different dc level without changing the apprearance of the applied signal

A

Clamper

50
Q

Are employed to maintain a relatively low transformer peak voltage while stepping
up the peak output voltage to two, three, four, or more times the peak rectified
voltage

A

Voltage multipliers

ECE (2 decks)

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