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AWS Certified Developer Associate > EC2 - Fundamentals > Flashcards

EC2 - Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is EC2?

A

EC2 = Elastic Compute Cloud = Infrastructure as a Service

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2
Q

What are the sizing and configuration levels of EC2?

A
  • OS
  • CPU
  • RAM
  • Storage
  • EBS& EFS (network attached)
  • EC2 instance store
  • Network card
  • Security groups
  • Bootstrap script: EC2 User Data
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3
Q

What is EC2 User Data?

A

A script that only run once at the instance first start

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4
Q

What is the example usage of EC2 User Data?

A
  • Installing updates
  • Installing sws
  • Downloading common files
  • etc..
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5
Q

Who is the Runner of the User Data?

A

The root user.

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6
Q

What are the main EC2 Instance Types?

A
  • General purpose
  • Compute Optimized
  • Memory Optimized
  • Accelerated Computing
  • Storage Optimized
  • HPC optimized
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7
Q

Describe General Purpose Instance Type

A
  • diversity of workloads
  • balance between: compute, memory, networking
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8
Q

Describe Compute Optimized instance type

A

Great for compute-intensive tasks that require high performance
processor
* Batch processing workloads
* Media transcoding
* High performance web servers
* Scientific modeling & machine learning
* Dedicated gaming servers

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9
Q

Describe Memory Optimized instance type

A

Fast performance for workloads that process large data sets in memory
* High performance, relational/non-relational databases
* Distributed web scale cache stores
* In-memory databases optimized for BI (business intelligence)
* Applications performing real-time processing of big unstructured data

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10
Q

Describe Storage Optimized instance type

A

Great for storage-intensive tasks that require high, sequential read and write
access to large data sets on local storage
* High frequency online transaction processing (OLTP) systems
* Relational & NoSQL databases
* Cache for in-memory databases (for example, Redis)
* Data warehousing applications
* Distributed file systems

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11
Q

What are EC2 Security Groups?

A
  • Security Groups are the fundamental of network security in AWS
  • They control how traffic is allowed into or out of our EC2 Instances
  • Security groups only contain ALLOW rules
  • Security groups rules can reference by IP or by security group
  • They are “acting” as a firewall before the EC2 instances
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12
Q

Security Groups - Good to know

A
  • Can be attached to multiple instances
    *Locked down to a region / VPC combination
  • Does live “outside” the EC2 – if traffic is blocked the EC2 instance won’t see it
  • It’s good to maintain one separate security group for SSH access
  • If your application is not accessible (time out), then it’s a security group issue
  • If your application gives a “connection refused“ error, then it’s an application error or it’s not launched
  • All inbound traffic is blocked by default
  • All outbound traffic is authorised by default
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13
Q

What are the main Ports to know?

A
  • 22 = SSH - log into Linux instance
  • 21 = FTP - upload files into a file share
  • 22 = SFTP - upload files using SSH
  • 80 = HTTP - access unsecured websites
  • 443 = HTTPS - access secured websites
  • 3389 = Windows RDP
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14
Q

How can you log in into all types of EC2 regardless to OS?

A

EC2 Instance Connect

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15
Q

How to connect to Mac or Linux instances?

A

SSH

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16
Q

Does EC2 Instance Connect need any setup?

A

The port 22 (SSH) must be opened

17
Q

What are the main EC2 instance purchase options?

A
  • On-Demand instaces - shor workload, predictable pricing, pay by second
  • Reserved (1 & 3 years)
  • Reserved instances - long workloads
  • Convertible Reserved Instances - long workloads flexible instances
  • Saving Plans (1 & 3 years) - commitment to amount of usage, long workload
  • Spot Instances - short workloads, cheap, can lose instances
  • Dedicated Hosts - book an entire physical server, control instance placement
  • Dedicated Instances - no other customers will share your hardware
  • Capital Reservations - reserve capacity in a specific AZ for any duration
18
Q

What are the main feature of EC2 Reserved Instances?

A
  • You reserve a specific instance attributes (Instance Type, Region, Tenancy, OS)
  • Reservation Period – 1 year (+discount) or 3 years (+++discount)
  • Payment Options – No Upfront (+), Partial Upfront (++), All Upfront (+++)
  • Reserved Instance’s Scope – Regional or Zonal (reserve capacity in an AZ)
  • You can buy and sell in the Reserved Instance Marketplace
19
Q

What are the main feature of EC2 Convertible Reserved Instances?

A
  • Same as Reserved Instances
  • Can change the EC2 instance type, instance family, OS, scope and tenancy
20
Q

What are the main feature of EC2 Savings Plans?

A

*Get a discount based on long-term usage (up to 72% - same as RIs)
* Commit to a certain type of usage ($10/hour for 1 or 3 years)
* Usage beyond EC2 Savings Plans is billed at the On-Demand price
* Locked to a specific instance family & AWS region (e.g., M5 in us-east-1)
* Flexible across:
* Instance Size (e.g., m5.xlarge, m5.2xlarge)
* OS (e.g., Linux, Windows)
* Tenancy (Host, Dedicated, Default)

21
Q

What are the main feature of EC2 Spot Instances?

A

*Instances that you can “lose” at any point of time if your max price is less than the current spot price
* The MOST cost-efficient instances in AWS
* Useful for workloads that are resilient to failure
* Batch jobs
* Data analysis
* Image processing
* Any distributed workloads
* Workloads with a flexible start and end time
* Not suitable for critical jobs or databases

22
Q

What are the main feature of EC2 Dedicated Hosts?

A
  • A physical server with EC2 instance capacity fully dedicated to your use
  • Allows you address compliance requirements and use your existing server- bound software licenses (per-socket, per-core, pe—VM software licenses)
  • Purchasing Options:
  • On-demand – pay per second for active Dedicated Host
  • Reserved - 1 or 3 years (No Upfront, Partial Upfront, All Upfront)
  • The most expensive option
  • Useful for software that have complicated licensing model (BYOL – Bring Your Own License)
  • Or for companies that have strong regulatory or compliance needs
23
Q

What are the main feature of EC2 Dedicated Instances?

A

*Instances run on hardware that’s dedicated to you
* May share hardware with other instances in same account
* No control over instance placement (can move hardware after Stop / Start)

AWS Certified Developer Associate (17 decks)

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