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solutions architect associate > EC2 > Flashcards

EC2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four pricing types for ec2?

A

On demand - fixed rate pay as you go

Reserved - capacity reservation at discount

Spot - bidding for resources on aws

Dedicated hosts - bare metal servers for when licensing does not allow you use virtualisation such as on demand.

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2
Q

True or false, will you be charged for terminating a spot instance yourself?

A

True

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3
Q

Yes or no, will you be charged for a spot instances partial hour of usage if aws terminates this instance for you?

A

No

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4
Q

True or false, termination protection is turned off by default when creating an ec2 instance?

A

True

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5
Q

On an ebs backed instance, what is the default action on the root ebs when the instance is terminated?

A

The root ebs volume will be deleted.

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6
Q

Yes or no, can the root volumes of your default ami’s be encrypted?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Security groups: all inbound traffic is…

A

Blocked by default

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8
Q

Security groups: all outbound traffic is…

A

Allowed

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9
Q

Changes to security groups take effect..

A

Immediately

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10
Q

How many ec2 instances can be within a security group.

A

Any number

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11
Q

How many security groups can you attach to an ec2 instance?

A

Any number.

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12
Q

Security groups are …….. this means ……..

A

Stateful

That when you add an inbound rule to the sg it also creates a corresponding outbound rule.

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13
Q

You cannot block a specific up address with a security group, you can however with a

A

Network access control list

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14
Q

What are the five ebs volume types?

A 
General purpose (ssd)
Provisioned iops (ssd) 
Throughput optimized hdd 
Cold hdd
Ebs magnetic
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15
Q

When would you opt for “general purpose ssd” ebs volumes?

A

When your iops requirement is no more then 16,000 and you want to balance price and performance.

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16
Q

When you opt for “provisioned iops ssd” as your ebs volume choice, what would be the reasons for this?

A

High performance requirements, mission critical applications like databases and where price does not factor over performance requirements.

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17
Q

When you opt for “throughput optimized hdd” as your ebs volume of choice, why would this be?

A

Low cost requirements for frequently accessed storage, with iops around 500. Typically for big data and data warehouses which are not mission critical.

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18
Q

When opting for “cold hdd” as your ebs volume of choice, why would this be?

A

Where you want the lowest cost for hdd volumes for less frequently accessed workloads such as file servers. Max iops around 250.

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19
Q

When opting for the “ebs magnetic” volume choice, why would you do this?

A

Where workloads are infrequently accessed, the lowest iops requirements of around 40-200.

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20
Q

Name the five EBS volume api names and what they stand for.

A 
Gp2 - general purpose (ssd)
Io1 - provisioned iops (ssd) (highest cost)
St1 - throughput optimized hdd
Sc1- cold hdd (lowest cost)
Standard- ebs magnetic
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21
Q

You have deployed an ec2 instance and completed its setup, however you discover that the availability zone that it was set up in is the wrong one, how would you deploy this ec2 instance to the desired availability zone without having to go through the pain of setting up the machine config again?

A
  • Take a snapshot of the root ebs volume.
  • Create an image from the snapshot.
  • Launch the image into the availability zone that is desired.
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22
Q

You need to move an ec2 instance from one region to another, how is this done?

A

Take snapshot of root ebs volume.
Create image from snapshot.
Copy image/ami to another region.
Launch ec2 instance from the ami in the region it was copied to into that region.

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23
Q

Be default, if you terminate an ec2 instance with additional ebs volumes, will they be deleted also?

A

No, all additional ebs volumes are set to persist unless otherwise specified.

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24
Q

When talking about storage volumes, instance store is also known as…

A

Ephemeral storage.

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25
Q

Yes or no, can an ec2 instance which is backed by an instance store volume be stopped?

A

No, only terminated.

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26
Q

On an ec2 instance that is backed by instance store volumes, if the underlying host fails, will you loose your data?

A

Yes

27
Q

True or false, ebs and instance store backed ec2 instances can be rebooted and neither will loose your data.

A

True

28
Q

By default root volumes of ebs and instance store will be terminated along with the ec2 instance, however which one can you tell aws to keep the root device volume?

A

Ebs

29
Q

What does the following abbreviations mean?
Eni
En
Efa

A
  • elastic network interface
  • enhanced networking
  • elastic fabric adapter
30
Q

Depending on your ec2 instance type, enhanced networking can be enabled with two types, these are…

A 
Elastic network adapter -speeds up to 100gbps.
Virtual function (VF) - speeds up to 10gbps typically for older instance types.
31
Q

In enhanced networking solutions, when would you choose an ENI?

A

For low cost, basic networking typically for a separate management network from production or a separate logging network.

32
Q

In enhanced networking solutions when would you choose EN or ENAs ?

A

For when cost does not matter as much, speeds between 10 and 100gbps and need reliable high throughput.

33
Q

When referring to enhanced networking solutions, when would you use an EFA?

A

OS bypassing, machine learning, accelerating high performance computing and when a scenario mentions HPC or Machine Learning and asks what kind of network adapter you would use.

34
Q

True or false, snapshots of encrypted volumes are encrypted by automatically?

A

True

35
Q

Volumes restored from encrypted snapshots are….

A

Encrypted automatically.

36
Q

You may share snapshots, but only when they are….

A

Not encrypted.

37
Q

Yes or no, can unencrypted snapshots be shared with other aws accounts or made public?

A

Yes

38
Q

You are given an unencrypted volume from a running ec2 instance, you are asked to secure this image, what steps would you take to go about encrypting a non encrypted volume?

A

Create a snapshot of the existing volume.
Copy the snapshot and select the encryption option.
Create an AMI from the encrypted snapshot.
Use the AMI to launch the encrypted instance.

39
Q

What are spot instance not good for?

A

Persistent workloads
Critical jobs
Databases

40
Q

What examples are spot instances good for?

A 
Big data and analytics 
Containerised workloads
Ci/CD and testing
Web services
Image and media rendering 
HPC high performance computing
41
Q

Spot instances can save you up to ……of the cost compared to on demand instances.

A

90%

42
Q

What service can you use to stop spot instances from terminating?

A

Spot block

43
Q

A spot fleet is a…

A

Collection of spot instances and optionally on-demand instances.

44
Q

Yes or no, when creating an ec2 instance with hibernate as an additional stop behaviour, the root device volume must be encrypted?

A

Yes

45
Q

What ec2 pricing models is ec2 hibernate available for?

A

On demand

Reserved capacity.

46
Q

What OSs does ec2 hibernate support?

A

Windows
Amazon linux 2 ami
Ubuntu

47
Q

What are the benefits of ec2 hibernate?

A

Faster boot times from stop as the operating system does not need to be reloaded.

48
Q

What is the maximum ram an ec2 instance can have to qualify for ec2 hibernate?

A

150 go

49
Q

An ec2 instance can’t be ‘hibernated’ for more than ……..

A

60 days

50
Q

Cloudwatch monitors what metrics at the host instance level?

A

CPU
Network
Disk
Status check - such as underlying hypervisor

51
Q

Cloudwatch monitors…

A

Performance

52
Q

Cloudtrail monitors…

A

API calls in the aws platform.

53
Q

Cloudwatch with ec2 will monitor every ……..by default, however when you turn on detailed monitoring it is then set to ……

A

5 minutes

1 minute

54
Q

What are the four major services that cloudwatch offers?

A

Dashboards
Alarms
Events
Logs

55
Q

Why is it better to assign roles to an aws resource rather than assuming an IAM user through the secret and key method?

A

Better protection, if the instance is hacked, the role will restrict the ec2 instances ability to communicate to what that role can do and the key and secret would give all the permissions under that user.

56
Q

What are the key points about EFS?

A

Supports the network file system version 4
You only pay for the storage you use
Can scale into the petabytes
Can support thousands of concurrent NFS connections
Data is stored across multiple AZs within a region
Read after write consistency

57
Q

What storage should you choose when your requirements are SMB based storage for windows?

A

Windows FSX not efs

58
Q

You are processing large data-sets or involved in HPC or ML and require a storage file system that provides sub millisecond access to your data and allows you to read and write up to hundreds of gigabytes per second of throughput and offers millions of IOPS, what file system would you choose?

A

Lustre FSX

59
Q

What are the three types of placement groups?

A

Clustered
Spread
Partitioned

60
Q

You need to deploy a series of ec2 instances into the cloud, the instances must be able to communicate with each other at very high rates of throughput, they do not need to be separated from each other, what type of placement group would you use in this scenario?

A

A clustered placement group.

61
Q

You need to deploy a series of ec2 instances into the cloud, they cannot be on the same physical racks or underlying hardware as they are critical machines and you need to minimise impact if the underlying hardware for one instance fails it does not effect the others, what kind placement group would you choose for this scenario?

A

A spread placement group.

62
Q

You have been tasked to deploy clusters of ec2 instances into the cloud, the clusters need to be kept separate from each other, but in these clusters more than one instance will be running, to support services such as HDFS, HBase or Cassandra, what placement group would you choose in this scenario?

A

A partitioned placement group.

63
Q

What is the main limitation that a clustered placement group has that partitioned and spread do not?

A

A clustered placement group cannot span multiple availability zones.

solutions architect associate (7 decks)

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