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solutions architect associate > Databases > Flashcards

Databases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the relational database aws rds offers?

A 
Sql server
Oracle dB
Maria dB
MySQL server
PostgreSQL 
Aurora
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2
Q

What are the two key features of rds?

A

MultiAZ - for disaster recovery

Read Replicas - for performance

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3
Q

no sql databases consist of three main concepts, these are..

A

Collection - the table
Document - the row
Key value pairs - the fields

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4
Q

What does OLTP and OLAP mean?

A

OLTP - Online transaction processing, which is data like a customers address, an order or a delivery address being queried for use.

OLAP - Online analytics processing, running complex reports across multiple data sources to produce reports etc.

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5
Q

As well as read replicas, what other service can you use to increase the performance of your rds instance?

A

Introducing elasticache as a layer to stop the database being queried for data that rarely changes.

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6
Q

What two engines does elasticache support?

A

Memcached

Redis

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7
Q

When we talk about OLTP and OLAP, what services in aws would we use to serve these scenarios?

A

Rds for OLTP

Red shift for OLAP

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8
Q

What are the key points when considering rds as a choice of service for a solution?

A
  • Rds runs on virtual machines.
  • You cannot log in to these operating systems.
  • Patching of the rds operating system and dB is amazons responsibility.
  • Rds is not serverless with exception to ‘aurora serverless’.
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9
Q

Out of the six relational database options, which ones are available for traditional multi az?

A 
Sql server
Oracle
MySQL server
Postgre sql
MariaDB
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10
Q

Out of the db options you have for rds, which ones are available for read replicas?

A 
MsSql server
MySQL server
Postgre sql
MariaDB
Oracle
Aurora
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11
Q

What are the restrictions or requirements for read replicas to be available for your rds instance?

A

You must have automatic backups turned on.
You can only have up to 5 read replicas copies of any database.
You can have read replicas of read replicas, however this can cause some latency.

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12
Q

What are the two types of back ups in rds?

A

Automated backups

Database snapshots

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13
Q

Read replicas can be promoted to master dbs but this will?

A

Break the replication

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14
Q

Encryption for rds is supported for…..and it is achieved using the aws ……service.

A

All six engines

Key management service or kms

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15
Q

Once your rds instance is encrypted the data stored at rest in the underlying storage is…

A

Encrypted, as are its automated backups , read replicas and snapshots.

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16
Q

What is the name of the aws no sql service?

A

DynamoDB

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17
Q

When talking about dynamoDB, what are the basics?

A
  • Stored on ssd sotrage.
  • Spread across 3 geographically distinct data centres.
  • Supports eventual consistent reads by default, this is good when you know a read will not occur for the same write within a second.
  • Support strongly consistent reads, this is good for when you know a read for the same write will occur within under a second.
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18
Q

Advanced dynamo dB

DynamoDB accelerator or DAX, what are the facts about this?

A
  • fully managed, highly available in memory cache.
  • 10x performance improvement
  • reduces request times from milliseconds to microseconds.
  • no need for developers to manage caching logic.
  • compatible with DynamoDB API calls.
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19
Q

Advanced DynamoDB

Transactions, what are the facts about these?

A
  • they are multiple “all or nothing” operations.
  • useful for financial transactions or fulfilling orders.
  • they cost two underlying reads or writes - prepare/commit.
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20
Q

Advanced DynamoDB

Pricing- on demand capacity, what are the facts?

A
  • pay per request pricing.
  • balance of cost and performance.
  • no minimum capacity.
  • no charge read/write, only storage and backups.
  • pay more request - than with provisioned capacity.
  • useful for new product launches,when you have no prediction of usage.
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21
Q

Advanced DynamoDB- Backup and restored
Point in time recovery (Pitr)
What are the facts?

A
  • protects against accidental writes or deletes.
  • restore to any point in the last 35 days.
  • incremental backups.
  • not encrypted by default.
  • latest restorable: five minutes in the past.
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22
Q

Advanced DynamoDB

Streams, what are the facts?

A
  • they are a time ordered sequence of time level changes in a table.
  • stored for 24 hours.
  • supports inserts, updates and deletes.
  • combined with lambda functions for functionality like stored procedures.
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23
Q

Advanced DynamoDB

Global tables, what are the facts?

A
  • good for globally distributed applications.
  • based on DynamoDB streams.
  • multi region redundancy for DR or HA.
  • no application rewrites.
  • replication latency under one second.
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24
Q

When talking about redshift, what are two key points to remember?

A
  • it is used for business intelligence

- available in 1 Availability zone

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25
Q

Redshift backups, what are the four main facts?

A
  • enabled by default with a 1 retention period.
  • maximum retention period is 35 days.
  • redshift always attempts to maintain at least three copies of your data, the original and replica on the compute nodes and a backup in Amazon s3.
  • redshift can also asynchronously replicate your snapshots to s3 in another region for disaster recovery.
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26
Q

When talking about elasticache what are three important facts about its purpose and redis?

A
  • used to increase database and web application performance.
  • redis is multi az.
  • you can do back ups and restores of redis.
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27
Q

DMS Data Migration Service

What are the four key facts?

A
  • dms allows you to migrate databases from one source to aws.
  • the source can ether be on-premises or inside aws itself or another cloud provider such as azure.
  • you can do homogenous migrations (same db engines) or heterogeneous migrations.
  • if you do a heterogenous migration you will need to use the SCT or aws Scheme Conversion Tool.
28
Q

What services have caching capabilities that are available in aws?

A
  • Cloud front
  • api-gateway
  • elasticache
  • DynamoDB accelerator or DAX
29
Q

What is meant by EMR and what it it’s purpose?

A
  • Elastic Map Reduce

- used for processing big data

30
Q

EMR is made up of nodes, what are they?

A
  • one master node
  • many core nodes
  • many task nodes but optional
31
Q

If you want to archive your logs in EMR which node houses these logs, when can you do it and how often are the archival intervals?

A
  • the master node
  • only when creating the cluster for the first time.
  • five minute periods
32
Q

What are the two key features of RDS?

A

Multi AZ - used for dr

Read replicas - used for increasing performance.

33
Q

What is amazons no sql service?

A

Dynamo dB

34
Q

What are they key components of dynamo dB?

A

Collections - tables
Documents - row data
Key value pairs - fields in table

35
Q

True or false RDS ups on virtual machines, if so does this make RDS serverless?

A

No all rds instances are not serverless with exception to aurora serverless.

36
Q

RDS- encryption at rest is achieved using which aws service?

A

KMS key management service

37
Q

Once your RDS instance IS ENCRYPTED, what effects does this have on related data or actions that relate to this RDS instance.

A

The data within the rds instance will be encrypted.
The automated backups will be encrypted.
The read replicas of this instance will be encrypted.
Any snapshots taken will be encrypted.

38
Q

Elasticache - what two engines are supported by this AWS service?

A

Redis

MemcacheD

39
Q

Dynamo dB, supports two data schema types, these are?

A

Key value pair

Documents

40
Q

Dynamo DB, is stored on what kind of underlying media?

A

SSD Storage

41
Q

Dynamo DB, is stored across …… distinct geographic locations.

A

3

42
Q

Dynamo DB, supports ……… consistent reads by default and ………… consistent reads as an option.

A

Eventual consistent reads.

Strongly consistent reads.

43
Q

What Is dynamo dB DAX and what are the benefits of this aws service?

A

It is a fully managed, highly available in-memory cache.
Offers ten times the performance of standard dynamo db.
Reduces request time from milliseconds to microseconds.
Has no need for developers to develop any caching logic in their application.
Is compatible with existing api calls.

44
Q

Dynamo db transaction are an advanced feature, what are they and what are the key points to remember?

A

They are multiple “all or nothing” operations.
They can operate on up to 25 items or 4mb of data.
Each transaction costs 2 reads or writes.
Suited for actions such as financial transactions or fulfilling orders.

45
Q

Dynamo db ‘on demand pricing’, what are they key takeaway points on this?

A

Follows a pay per request pricing model.
Balances between cost and performance.
No read or write charges apply when the table is idle.
You pay more per request in contrast to provisioned capacity.
Is useful for new product launches, when you are not able to predict usage levels.

46
Q

Dynamo db ‘on demand backups and restores’, what are they key points or facts about this service?

A

It allows you to create full backups at any time from the console or api at anytime.
It has zero impact on the performance of the table or its availability.
They are consistent to within seconds and are retained until deleted.
Operates with the same region as the table so cross region backups are impossible.

47
Q

Dynamo db, on demand PITR point in time recovery, what are the key facts to remember about this?

A

It protects against accidental writes or deletes.
Restore to any point in the last 35 days.
It creates incremental backups by design.
Is not enabled by default.
The latest restorable timespan is 5 minutes in the past.

48
Q

Dynamo db streams, what are the key points to remember about these?

A

They are a time ordered sequence of item-level changes in a table.
They are stored for 25 hours.
Supports inserts, updates and deletes.
Can be combined with lambda functions to create functionality similar to stored procedures.

49
Q

Dynamo db global tables, what are the key facts on these service?

A

Ideal for globally distributed applications.
Is based on dynamo streams.
Offers multi regional redundancy for HA or DR architectures.
No application needs to change its code or rewrite for this service.
Replication latency is within one second.

50
Q

Dynamo db, dms or database migration service, what are the facts about this and how it applies to dynamo db?

A

It is used to migrate data from a database source to a destination, and not just for dynamo dB.
It does not support dynamo db as the source but it does for the destination.

51
Q

Dynamo db actions can be restricted using…

A

IAM policies and roles.

52
Q

Actions on dynamo db can be monitored using two services, these are…

A

Cloudwatch

Cloud trail

53
Q

All data in dynamo db is encrypted at rest using the ……. service.

A

KMS

54
Q

When talking about advanced dynamo db features, seven come to mind, their names are.

A

Dynamo db db accelerator or dax
Dynamo db transactions
Dynamo db on demand capacity
Dynamo db on demand backup and restore (PITR)
Dynamo db streams
Dynamo db global tables
Dynamo db dms or database migration service

55
Q

You want to create a cache in front of your database to alleviate pressure , you only need a simple offload of the raw data, and you want multi threaded performance, what elasticache service would you use in this scenario?

A

Memcached

56
Q

You want to create a cache layer between your database and the calling application, you need to store complex types, rank data sets and in the future sub and pub from this cache, what service in elasticache would you choose for this solution?

A

Redis

57
Q

You are deciding which cache service to use between redis and memcached, you need to be able to backup and restore this cache at any time and you want it to be multi az, which service would you choose to meet these requirements?

A

Redis

58
Q

Database migration service, what are the combinations of source and target locations that this service can handle?

A

On premises to cloud
Cloud to cloud
Cloud to on premises

59
Q

Dms, when we talk about homogenous migrations, what do we mean by this?

A

The source and target are of the same data-store type. I.e sql to sql or PostgreSQL to PostgreSQL.

60
Q

Dms, when talking about heterogenous migrations, what is meant by this?

A

When the source and target data stores are different, I.e source is MySQL and target is aurora.

61
Q

What is the key difference in services used in database migration service when performing a heterogeneous migration over a homogeneous migration?

A

Heterogenous migrations require that you use the schema conversion tool or SCT.

62
Q

Caching strategies, what are the main for service aws offers to achieve caching?

A

Cloudfront
API gateway
Elasticache
Dynamo db DAX

63
Q

Elastic map reduce or EMR, is made up of a cluster of nodes, what are the name of these nodes and how many can you have?

A

Master node - one
Core node - multiple
Task node - multiple and optional

64
Q

Elastic map reduce is used for….

A

Big data solutions.

65
Q

Elastic map reduce or EMR, where are the logs stored in a cluster?

A

On the master node only.

66
Q

Elastic map reduce or EMR, if I want logs to persist after the lifetime of the cluster, when can I set this up, from what source and how often are the logs backed up?

A

Only upon the creation of the cluster.
From the master node.
5 minute intervals.

solutions architect associate (7 decks)

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