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AWS TSA 2022 > EC2 > Flashcards

EC2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does EC2 stand for?

A

Elastic compute Cloud

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2
Q

What is the EC2 User Data Script used for?

A

To automate boot tasks such as installing updates/software, downloading files etc.

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3
Q

What are the use cases for General Purpose EC2 Instance Types?

A

Web servers, Code repositories etc.

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4
Q

What are 6 example use cases for Compute Optimized EC2 Instances?

A
  • Batch Processing Workloads
  • Media Transcoding
  • High Performance Web Servers
  • High Performance Computing (HPC)
  • Scientific Modeling and Machine Learning
  • Dedicated Gaming Servers
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5
Q

What are 4 example use cases for Memory Optimized EC2 Instances?

A
  • High Performance databases
  • Distributed web scale cache stores
  • In-memory databases optimized for BI
  • Apps performing real-time processing of big unstructured data
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6
Q

What are 5 use case examples for Storage Optimized EC2 Instances?

A
  • High frequency online transaction processing systems (OLTP)
  • Relational and non relational databases
  • Cache for in-memory databases (Redis)
  • Data Warehousing applications
  • Distributed File System
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7
Q

What is a Security Group?

A

It is like a Firewall

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8
Q

What 4 things do Security Groups Regulate?

A
  • Access to Ports
  • Authorized IP ranges
  • Control of inbound network
  • Control of outbound network
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9
Q

Can a Security Group be attached to multiple EC2 instances?

A

Yes, and an instance can have multiple security groups

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10
Q

Are Security Groups Global?

A

No, they are tied to a specific region/VPC combination.

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11
Q

If my application is showing a timeout when I try to connect, what is the likely cause?

A

A security group misconfiguration

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12
Q

If my application gives a connection refused error, what is the likely cause?

A

An app error or app failed to launch. The security group config is fine

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13
Q

What are the default inbound/outbound security group settings?

A
  • Inbound traffic is blocked

- Outbound traffic is authorized

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14
Q

What is the SSH port?

A

22

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15
Q

What is the FTP pport?

A

21

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16
Q

What is the SFTP port?

A

22

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17
Q

What is the HTTP port?

A

80

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18
Q

What is the HTTPS port?

A

443

19
Q

Whats is the RDP port?

A

3389

20
Q

What are the 4 EC2 Instance purchasing options?

A
  • On-Demand instances
  • Reserved Instances
  • Spot Instances
  • Dedicated Hosts
21
Q

What are 4 features of On-Demand Instances?

A
  • Pay for what you use
  • Highest cost but no upfront payment
  • No long term commitment
  • Recommended for short term and un-interrupted workloads
22
Q

What are the 5 features of Reserved Instances?

A
  • Up to 75% discount compared to on-demand
  • Reservation periods of 1 or 3 years
  • Pay zero upfront, partial or full
  • Reserve a specific instnace type
  • Recommended for steady state apps like databases
23
Q

What are the 2 types of Reserved Instances?

A
  • Convertible

- Scheduled

24
Q

What are 5 features of Spot Instances?

A
  • Up to 90% discount compared to on-demand
  • Can lose instances anytime if your bid price gets lower than the spot price
  • Most cost-efficient instances
  • Useful for workloads that are resilient to failure
  • Not suitable for critical jobs or databases
25
Q

What are 5 examples of apps that are resilient to failure?

A
  • Batch jobs
  • Data Analysis
  • Image Processing
  • Distributed workloads
  • Workloads with flexible start/end time
26
Q

What are the 5 features of Dedicated Hosts?

A
  • Helps address compliance requirements and reduce costs by using existing software licenses
  • Allocated to your account for 3 years
  • More expensive
  • Useful for software that has a complicated licensing model (BYOL)
  • Suitable for string compliance or regulatory needs
27
Q

What is the difference between Dedicated Host and Dedicated Instance?

A

A Dedicated instance does not provide access to the underlying hardware for the dedicated resources

28
Q

What is a Spot Block?

A

It allows you to block a spot instance for a specified time frame 1-6 hours

29
Q

How many Elastic IPs can you have in your account?

A

5

30
Q

What should you do instead of using ElasticIPs?

A
  • Use random public IPs and register a DNS name to it

- Use Load Balancer instead of public IP

31
Q

What are the 3 strategies available for Placement Groups?

A
  • Cluster
  • Spread
  • Partition
32
Q

What does the Cluster Strategy for placement groups do?

A

Clusters instances into a low latency group in a single partition in a single AZ

33
Q

What does the Spread Strategy for placement groups do?

A

Spreads instances across underlying hardware, with a max of 7 instances per group per AZ

34
Q

What does the Partition Strategy for placement groups do?

A

Spreads instances across many different partitions within an AZ

35
Q

What does ENI stand for?

A

Elastic Network Interfaces

36
Q

What is an ENI?

A

A logical component in a VPC that represents a virtual network card

37
Q

What are the 5 most important attributes an ENI can have?

A
  • Primary private IPv4
  • One Elastic IP
  • One Public IPv4
  • One or more Security Groups
  • A MAC address
38
Q

Is an ENI tied to a specific EC2 instance?

A

No, they can be created independently and moved from one instance to another

39
Q

Is an ENI global?

A

No, they are AZ specific

40
Q

What is EC2 Hibernate?

A

It is a new feature that preserves the in-memory state in the event an instance is stopped.

41
Q

What are 3 use cases for Hibernate?

A
  • Long running processes
  • Saving RAM state
  • Services that take time to initialize
42
Q

What is EC2 Nitro?

A

The underlying platform for the next generation of EC2 instances

43
Q

What are the 2 advantages of Nitro?

A
  • Better Networking Options

- Higher Speed EBS, for up to 64,000 IOPS

44
Q

Can I change the default number of cores and threads?

A

Yes, you can optimize vCPU to specify that you want 2 cores instead of 4, 1 thread per core instead of 2 at instance launch time

AWS TSA 2022 (19 decks)

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