EC100 Final Exam Flashcards
Wernick’s area is located in the left temporal lobe and plays a role in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Grammatical Processing B. Language Production C. Comprehending word meaning D. Comprehending semantic
Comprehending word meaning
When a baby holds up her doll and looks at her parents to make sure they are looking is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Protodeclarative Gesture B. Protoimperative Gesture C. Infant-directed Speech D. Catagorical Speech perception.
Protodeclarative Gesture
Adults teach children about grammar through ___________________?
A. Responding to infants’ coos and babbles with speech sounds and words
B. Use of expansions elaborating in children’s speech, increasing its complexity
C. Establishing joint attention and commenting of what the child sees
D. Engaging children in frequent conversations, and expanding on what the child says
Use of expansions elaborating in children’s speech, increasing its complexity
In an inclusive classroom, exceptional children learn _________________?
A. Strictly by the teacher
B. Strictly with their EA
C. Alongside their typical peers
D. With other children with learning disabilities
Alongside their typical peers
When two children are playing with blocks near each other but are not talking with each other is, it called? A. Non-Social Activity B. Cooperative Play C. Associative Play D. Parallel Play
Parallel Play
What profoundly effects the chances that child maltreatment will occur when parents feel overburdened? A. Cultural values, Laws, and customs B. Parent Characteristics C. Child Characteristics D. Family stress
Cultural values, laws, and customs
The ending -s and -ed are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in English? A. Semantics B. Morphology C. Syntax D. Phonology
Morphology
. A form of grammar that is concerned primarily with word order in sentences and with the agreement of words when they are used together is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Phonology B. Syntax C. Pragmatics D. Phonemes
Syntax
Early learning about emotions is learned well in context of _______________?
A. Make-believe play
B. Language and verbal Reasoning
C. Executive function
D. Security of attachment “mind-mindedness”
Make-believe play
An innate system developed by Chomsky, that permits a person, once they have acquired sufficient vocabulary, to combine words into grammatically consistent, novel utterances and to understand the meaning of the sentences they hear? A. Universal Grammar Recognition B. Categorical speech perception C. Phonological Development D. Language acquisition device
Language Acquisition Device
When you have an excessive and irrational fear causing a deep sense of panic or dread when you come in contact with the fear is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Phobia B. Negative Emotional Reaction C. Anxiety D. Stress
Phobia
Universal Grammar is ___________________________?
A. Referring to the rules governing the structure and sequence of speech sounds
B. The way underlying concepts are expressed in words and word combinations
C. A built-in storehouse of rules common to all human languages
D. Rules for engaging in appropriate and effective communication.
A built in storehouse of rules common to all human languages
What results from deletion of genetic material on the seventh chromosome; facial, heart, kidney, and mild to serious intellectual abnormalities? A. Rett Syndrome B. Williams Syndrome C. Down Syndrome D. Prader-Willi Syndrome
Williams Syndrome
During the first year what paves the way for the onset of verbal communication? A. Sensitivity to language B. Cognitive and social skills C. Environmental support D. All of the above
All of the above
What approach to emotion emphasizes that the broad function of emotions is to energize behavior aimed at attaining personal goals? A. Cognitive B. Behavioralist C. Functionalist D. Emotionalist
Functionalist
Correlation for high \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ levels when a child has been in an orphanage for a long time: A. Stress B. Hormone C. Creatinine D. Cortisol
Cortisol
The most frequent expression of fear is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Stranger anxiety B. Animal anxiety C. Separation anxiety D. Loud noises
Stranger Anxiety
When a baby responds in kind to other’s emotions through a built-in automatic process is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Emotional Contagion B. Social Referencing C. Emotional Understanding D. Emotional Display
Emotional Contagion
Before separation these infants seek closeness to the parent and often fail to explore. When the parents leave, they are usually distressed, and on her return they combine clinginess with angry, resistive behavior, struggling when held and sometimes hitting and pushing. May continue to cry and cling after being picked up and cannot be comforted easily is\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Secure Attachment B. Avoidant Attachment C. Resistant Attachment D. Disorganized Attachment
Resistant Attachment
What does not represent reality accurately and can guide one’s behaviors? A. Recursive thoughts B. Desire theory of mind C. False Beliefs D. Perspective taking
False Beliefs
What can increase through effort – influences the way mastery-oriented children interpret negative events. They attribute failure to factors that can be changed or controlled, such as insufficient effort or task? A. Learned Helplessness B. Incremental View of ability C. Achievement motivation D. Achievement attributions
Incremental View of Ability
What always acts in ways consistent with their desires and do not realize that less obvious, more interpretive mental states, such as beliefs, also affect behavior? A. Desire Theory of Mind B. Belief- Desire theory of Mind C. False Beliefs D. Recursive thought
Desire Theory of Mind
In what stage do children start to self describe or emphasize negative traits? A. Early Childhood B. Toddlerhood C. Early Adolescence D. Middle Childhood
Middle Childhood
Children whose parents are warm and accepting, provide reasonable expectations for mature behavior, and engage in positive problem solving are fostering what in children? A. Positive self Image B. Achievement motivation C. Entity view of ability D. Incremental view of ability
Positive Self Image
Emotional, Cognitive, and Behavioral are all interrelated when it comes to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Social Learning B. Morality C. Realism D. Development
Morality
Morality is externally controlled. Children accept rules and judge actions on their consequences. Behaviors that result in punishment are viewed as bad, those that lead to rewards are good in which of Kohlbergs levels? A. Conventional Level B. Post conventional level C. Preconventional level D. Principled Level
Preconventional Level
What characteristics affect a child’s willingness to imitate a model’s behavior?
A. Warmth and responsiveness
B. Competence and Power
C. Consistency between assertions and behavior
D. All of the above
All of the above
What is the disciplinary strategy designed to discourage undesirable behavior though physical or verbal enforcement of parental control? A. Coercive Parental Discipline B. Power Assertion C. Conflict Resolution D. Long-term consequences
Coercive Parental Discipline
Which of the following are NOT instrumental masculine traits:
A. Active, Acts as leader, Adventurous, Aggressive
B. Competitive, Dominant, Feels superior, Independent
C. Considerate, Passive, Tactful, needs approval
D. Outspoken, Rough, self-confident, takes a stand
Considerate, Passive, Tactful, needs approval
Which country is all about gender Equality? A. Iceland B. Sweden C. Western Europe D. Nicaragua
Sweden
Who reinforces independence in boys and dependence in girls? A. School B. Teachers C. Parents D. Peers
Parents
Who reports intense pressure to conform to gender roles and experiences serious difficulties, in the form of withdrawal, sadness, disappointment and anxiety? A. Gender Typical B. Gender Contented C. Gender intensification D. Gender Atypical
Gender Atypical
Girls who are highly talented are less likely to develop effective math reasoning skills due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Stereotype threat B. Negative peer pressure C. Emotional sensitivity D. Developmental problems
Stereotype Threat
The reason functions of family have changed over time is because:
A. Society has become more complex
B. Demands on family are too high to sustain alone
C. Families are linked to larger social structures
D. All of the above
All Of the Above
What is the most successful parenting approach that involves high acceptance and involvement, adaptive control techniques, and appropriate autonomy granting? A. Permissive B. Authoritative C. Authoritarian D. Uninvolved
Authoritative
The relationship between parenting and children’s attributes become \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ as each participant modifies the actions of the other and, on the basis of past interactions, form expectancies for the others behavior? A. Increasingly bidirectional B. Increasingly direct C. Coregulated D. Decreasingly bidirectional
Increasingly bidirectional
A sense of oneself as a separate, self-governing individual is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Self-Worth B. Autonomy C. Psychological Control D. Status
Autonomy
Children of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ do not differ from the children of heterosexual parents in mental health, peer rejection, or gender-role behavior? A. Adoptive parents B. One-Child Parents C. Gay/Lesbian Parents D. Single Parents
Gay/Lesbian Parents
A typical sexual abuser is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or someone the parents know well: A. Male Doctor B. Male Parent C. Male teacher D. Male Friend
Male Parent
Over time, the massive trauma of persistent abuse seems to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ children’s normal physiological response to stress? A. Heighten B. Blunt C. Decrease D. Increase
Blunt
In dual-earner families, the father’s willingness to share child-care responsibilities is a crucial factor in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Moms emotional health B. Children’s Emotional health C. Fathers emotional health D. None of the above
Moms Emotional health
What type of peer social ability begins first? A. Parallel play B. Non-social activity C. Associative play D. Cooperative play
Non-social Activity
Once children establish \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, hostility is rare. Children seem to use play fighting as a safe context to assess the strength of the peer before challenging them: A. Associative play B. Constructive play C. Rough-and-tumble play D. Dominance Hierarchy
Dominance Hierarchy
Which children are more extremely antagonistic? A. Popular children B. Rejected Children C. Controversial children D. Neglected Children
Rejected Children
Chronic victims of bullying tend to be passive and have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Overprotective mothers B. high self esteem B. High perspective taking D. high level of cortisol
Overprotective mothers
Children under 8 do not understand that commercials are: A. False advertising B. selling something C. Telling a story D. not selling something
Selling Something
Emotional expressions vary with the persons’ developing capacities, goals, and context in Dynamic Systems Theory? T/F
True
15% of children are identified as Difficult child in the structure of Temperament? T/F
False - it is 10%
Separation anxiety is when a child becomes upset when their trusted caregiver leaves? T/F
True
Incremental view of ability attributes their failures, not their successes, to ability. When they succeed, they are likely to conclude that external events, such as luck are responsible? T/F
False - It is Learned Helplessness
In-group Prejudice is when children simply prefer their own group, generalizing from self to similar others? T/F
False - It is In-group favoritism
By 1.5 years of age, humans have a clear grasp of people’s emotions and desires? T/F
False - It is 2 years of age
The role of religion in a culture may influence a child’s moral development and sense of moral identity? T/F
True
Verbal Aggression damages another’s peer relationships through social exclusion, malicious gossip, or friendship manipulation? T/F
False - It is relational Aggression
Girls are more likely to be targets of harsh, inconsistent discipline? T/F
False - It is boys
By early preschool years, children can label their own sex and that of others correctly through gender stability? T/F
False - It is Gender Labeling
Never guide a child into playing with a toy based on their gender? T/F
True
. Authoritarian parenting style is warm, sensitive, and sensitive to the child’s needs. They establish an enjoyable, emotionally fulfilling parent-child relationship? T/F
False - It is Authoritative
Children who are ‘only-child’ are spoiled? T/F
False - They are NOT spoiled
Describe the difference between proactive and reactive aggression:
Researchers explain that proactive and reactive aggression are strongly correlated; aggressive children engage in both and most studies do not differentiate them.
•Proactive – children act to fulfill a need or desire- obtain an object, privilege, space, or social reward, such as adult attention or (in older kids) peer admiration- and unemotionally attack a person to achieve their goal.
•Reactive – an angry, defensive response to a provocation or a blocked goal and is meant to hurt another person.
Name 3 forms of aggression and describe them:
- Physical Aggression – harms others through physical injury – pushing, hitting, kicking, or punching others, or destroying another’s property.
- Verbal Aggression – Harms others though threats of physical aggression, name calling, or hostile teasing.
- Relational Aggression – Damages another’s peer relationships through social exclusion, malicious gossip, or friendship manipulation.
Define parallel play, Associative play, and Cooperative play:
- Parallel Play – Limited form of social participation in which the child plays near other children with similar materials but does not try to influence their behavior.
- Associative Play – Children engage in separate activities but exchange toys and comment on one another’s behavior.
- Cooperative Play – A more advanced type of interaction, children orient toward a common goal, such as acting out a make-believe theme.
Name 4 components of language:
Phonology – refers to the rules governing the structure and sequence of speech sounds.
Semantics – Involves vocabulary – the way underlying concepts are expressed in words and word combinations.
Grammar – consists of syntax (the rules by which words are arranged in sentences) and morphology (markers that very word meaning)
Pragmatics – Rules for engaging in appropriate and effective conversation
List 5 influences on moral reasoning and explain each:
Personality – Flexible, open-minded approach to new information and experiences gain more opportunities for social participation and social skills.
Child-Rearing Practices – Parents who facilitate moral reasoning instill warmth, engage in the exchange of ideas, demand treatment of others with respect and fairness, encourage prosocial behavior and promote maturity, and cooperative style of family life.
Schooling – Higher education introduces young people to social issues that extend beyond personal relationships to entire political and cultural groups, which emphasizes open discussion, and students become more aware of diversity.
Peer Interaction – When young people negotiate and compromise, they realize that social life can be based on cooperation between equals rather than on authority relations.
Culture – those who are able to appreciate the role of larger social structures, such as laws and government institutions, in resolving moral conflict, have an advanced moral understanding.
