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3rd Committee 2nd Class > Ebubekir > Flashcards

Ebubekir Flashcards

1
Q

Which stimulates gall bladder and pancreatic enzyme secretions?

a) Secretin
b) Gastrin
c) Ghrelin
d) Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
e) Cholecystokinin

A

e) Cholecystokinin

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2
Q

Mark incorrect

a) Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) facilitates transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to other lipoproteins
b) in humans, much of the cholesteryl ester formed by LCAT finds its way to the liver via VLDL remnants (DL) or LDL as well as by HDL itself.
c) CETP facilitates transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to VLDL IDL and LOL in exchange for triacylglycerol
d) CETP. associated with HDL is found in human plasma
e) CETP has no effect on product (CE) inhibition of the LCAT activity in HDL

A

e) CETP has no effect on product (CE) inhibition of the LCAT activity in HDL

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3
Q

Which is responsible for TG mobilization or lipolysis from adipocytes?

a) Endothelial lipase
b) Hormone-sensitive lipase
c) Lipoprotein lipase
d) Hepatic lipase
e) Pancreatic lipase

A

b) Hormone-sensitive lipase

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4
Q

A glucose-(1-4)-glucose linkage is the target of

a) Sucrase
b) Lactulase
c) Lactase
d) Isomaltase
e) Maltase

A

e) Maltase

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5
Q

Glycogen synthase is the regulatory enzyme for glycogen synthesis. It adds glucose residues to the nonreducing ends of a glycogen primer from

a) UTP-Glu
b) ATP-Glu
c) Glucose-1-P
d) Glucose-6-P
e) UDP-Glucose

A

e) UDP-Glucose

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6
Q

A 30-year-old man has been fasting for religious reason for several days. His brain has reduced its need for glucose by using which of the following substances as an alternate source of energy?

a) Beta hydroxy butyrate (keton bodies)
b) Alanine
c) Beta carotene
d) Fatty acids
e) Glycerol

A

a) Beta hydroxy butyrate (keton bodies)

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7
Q

In the anaerobic glycolysis experiment, the optical density of the sample was measured as 100 at 420 nm wavelength, and the optical density of the standard was measured as 26.4. Accordingly, which of the following is the glucose concentration found in the sample? (Standard concentration (Cstd): 0.088, Dilution factor (F): 300)

a) 200
b) 400
c) 500
d) 100
e) 300

A

d) 100

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8
Q

Achyglicerols include the following lipids except one

a) Triachylglycerols
b) Monoachylglycerols
c) Phospholipids
d) Cholesterol esters
e) Diachylglycerols

A

d) Cholesterol esters

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9
Q

Which of the following intermediates of TCA cycle is involved in the formation of Glutamate?

a) a-keto glutarate
b) Isocitrate
c) Pyruvate
d) Succinate
e) Malate

A

a) a-keto glutarate

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10
Q

Which of the following is the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus?

a) Fasting Plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL
b) in Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), 2nd hour plasma glucose level ≥ 140 mg/dL
c) Randomly measured blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL and accompanied by symptoms of diabetes mellutus.
d) Presence of ketone bodies in urine
e) HbA1c level ≥ 5.4%

A

c) Randomly measured blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL and accompanied by symptoms of diabetes mellutus.

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11
Q

In protein digestion, pepsin works in

a) colon
b) the stomach
c) duodenum
d) the small intestine
e) the mouth

A

b) the stomach

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12
Q

“In the B-oxidation of FFAS.……………..carbons at a turn are cleaved from ……………. molecules, starting at the…………. end and yielding.………….. “ Fill in the blanks.

a) Two-acyl-CoA hydroxyl- acetyl-CoA
b) Two-monoacyl-CoA - carboxyl- acetyl-CoA
c) Two-acyl-CoA - carboxyl-acetyl-CoA
d) Three-acyl-CoA-carboxyl- acetyl-COA
e) Two-acetyl-CoA carboxyl- acetyl-CoA

A

c) Two-acyl-CoA - carboxyl-acetyl-CoA

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13
Q

FAS is

a) A multimeric (multisubunit) quaternary protein
b) Found in both cytosole and mithochondrium of a cell
c) In monomeric form during reaction catalysis
d) A catalyst composed of only enzymatic functions
e) A multienzyme complex composed of single peptide chain

A

e) A multienzyme complex composed of single peptide chain

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14
Q

The high concentrations of one of the following substrate act as a “gluconeogenic signal” by inhibiting glycolysis at the pyruvate kinase step. Mark correct.

a) Lactate
b) Propionate
c) Glycerol
d) Alanine
e) Glutamate

A

d) Alanine

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15
Q

The liver is the primary site of lactate clearance in the body. An important process in hepatic lactate clearance is the Coricycle in which lactate is converted to which one of the molecules listed below and sent out into the blood?

a) Acetyl-COA
b) Glycerol
c) Glucose
d) Alanine
e) FFA

A

c) Glucose

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16
Q

When FAs with an odd number of carbon atoms are oxidized by the pathway of B-oxidation, which is produced at final step and can be entered gluconeogenesis?

a) Succinyl-CoA
b) None
c) Propionyl-COA
d) Acetyl COA
e) Acyl-CoA with five carbon atoms

A

c) Propionyl-COA

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17
Q

Which of the following is the method used for qualitative determination of glucose in urine in the glucose tolerance test?

a) Glucose oxidase
b) Millon
c) Edman
d) Benedict
e) Kjeldahl

A

d) Benedict

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18
Q

A protein list assolated with the reverse cholesterol transport is as follow. Which are the transporters located in the membrane of cells in extrahepatic tissues and load the nanesterified cholesterol (C) to HDL particle as CE at the expense of ATP?

I- ABCA1

II- ABCG1

III- SR-B1

IV-LCAT

V- Apo-A1

a) I, II
b) II, V
c) I, III
d) II, III
e) IV, V

A

a) I, II

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19
Q

Which transports TG from gut to other tissues?

a) LDL
b) VLDL
c) Chylomicron
d) IDL
e) HDL

A

c) Chylomicron

20
Q

Which transports cholesterol from liver to peripheral tissues?

a) IDL
b) VLDL
c) Chylomicron
d) LDL
e) HDL

A

d) LDL

21
Q

Which couple is effective in fad/hyperglycemic state?

a) Hexokinase/glucokinase
b) Glycogen synthase/hexokinase
c) Insulin/hexokinase
d) Insulin/glucagon
e) Insulin/glucokinase

A

e) Insulin/glucokinase

22
Q

Which connects glucose oxidadtion pathway to glucose synthesis pathway?

a) ATP
b) UDP-Glu
c) Acetyl-CoA
d) UTP
e) GTP

A

e) GTP

23
Q

Which increased concentrations activate the LDH in cytosole?

a) NADH/Lactate
b) NADH/Pyruvate
c) Pyruvate/Ala
d) Glycerol/Ala
e) Propionate/Lactae

A

b) NADH/Pyruvate

24
Q

The oxidation of 6 mol of glucose by the pentose phosphate pathway may result in the production of

a) 3 mol of pentose, 4 mol of NADPH, and 3mol of CO2
b) 5 mol of pentose. 4 mol of NADPH. and 8mol of CO2
c) 6 mol of pentose. 12 mol of NADPH, and 6 mol of CO2
d) 5 mol of pentose, 4 mol of NADPH, and 3mol of CO2
e) 4 mol of pentose. 3 mol of NADPH, and 3mol of CO2

A

c) 6 mol of pentose. 12 mol of NADPH, and 6 mol of CO2

25
Q

Blood biochemistry analysis reveals hypoglycemia in a patient. Which of the following intermediates of TCA cycle can be directly converted to phosphoenolpyruvate to trigger the pathway of gluconeogenesis in this condition?

a) Pyruvate
b) Malate
c) Oxaloacetate
d) a-ketoglutarate
e) Succinate

A

c) Oxaloacetate

26
Q

In anaerobic glycolysis experiment: The colored compound obtained in the determination of phosphorus is measured spectrophotometrically in which of the following wavelengths.

a) 560
b) 410

C) 600

d) 340
e) 520

A

C) 600

27
Q

Laboratory examination reveals ketones in her urine of a patient. Which of the followings is the most likely source of ketones?

a) Side chain of cholesterol
b) Protein break down
c) Glycogenolysis
d) Gluconeogenesis
e) Fatty acid breakdown

A

e) Fatty acid breakdown

28
Q

Which of the following is the reagent used for the formation of yellow colored product in the qualitative determination of lactic acid in the anaerobic glycolysis experiment?

a) Ba(OH)₂
b) FeCl3
c) MgCl₂
d) ZnSO4
e) CuSO4

A

b) FeCl3

29
Q

Which is not a precursor for gluconeogenesis?

a) Alanine
b) Lactate
c) Glucogenic amino acids
d) Propionate
e) All amino acids

A

e) All amino acids

30
Q

Which of the following is the principle of Folin-Wu method used in determination of serum glucose in anaerobic glycolysis experiment?

a) Glucose forms a purple colored compound FeCl3
b) Glucose creates a pinkish color with copper sulphate in a basic environment
c) Glucose reduces Cu+2 to Cu+1 in an alkaline environment
d) Glucose forms a white colored precipitate with Ba(OH)2
e) Glucose forms yellow compound with ammonium molybdate

A

c) Glucose reduces Cu+2 to Cu+1 in an alkaline environment

31
Q

Mark incorrect.

a) LCAT and ACAT are different enzymes and their locations are different, but they catalyse the esterification of cholesterol
b) LCAT is activated by apo A-I attached to HDL particle
c) As cholesterol in HDL becomes esterified, no saturation occurs
d) Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity is associated with apo A-I, an HDL component
e) LCAT draws in free cholesterol from tissues and from other lipoproteins, enabling HDL to function in reverse cholesterol transport

A

c) As cholesterol in HDL becomes esterified, no saturation occurs

32
Q

Which GLUT is important for intestinal and neuronal cells?

A) GLUT-1

B) GLUT-2

C) GLUT-3

D) GLUT-4

E) GLUT-5

A

C) GLUT-3

33
Q

Which converts dextrins in intestinal lumen into maltose?

a) Disaccharidase
b) Pancreatic a-amylase
c) Maltase
d) Salivary a-amylase
e) lactase

A

b) Pancreatic a-amylase

34
Q

The two major factors determining whether a cell oxidizes glucose by aerobic glycolysis or by anaerobic glycolysis are

a) Oxygen pressure and the number of mitochondria
b) NADH and the ATP/ADP ratio
c) Ca” and AMP
d) Presence of low Glucose and high AMP
e) FADH2 and the number of mitochondria

A

b) NADH and the ATP/ADP ratio

35
Q

Which of the following intermediates of TCA cycle cannot be utilized for gluconeogenesis?

a) Succinate
b) Malate

C) a-keto glutarate

d) Acetyl Co A
e) Oxaloacetate

A

d) Acetyl Co A

36
Q

Every amino acid generally joins (take part in, be involved) to one citric acid cycle member in order to the further metabolism in the cell. All of them are joined to the citric acid cycle care of (with) alpha keto glutarate unit, except:

a) Glutamine
b) Alanine

C) Proline

d) Glutamate
e) Histidine

A

b) Alanine

37
Q

Under normal conditions in human adults, some 200 billion erythrocytes are destroyed ber day. Thus, a 70-kg human turns over approximately 6 g hemoglobin daily. Heme is degradated by… …………enzyme to ………………

a) Heme oxygenase and bilirubin
b) Bacterial enzyme and urobilin
c) Biliverdin reductase and biliverdin
d) Glucuronyl transferase and biliverdin
e) Bacterial enzyme and stercobilin

A

a) Heme oxygenase and bilirubin

38
Q

Which is the highest in TG?

a) LDL
b) VLDL
c) Chylomicron
d) HDL
e) IDL

A

c) Chylomicron

39
Q

1- Excess cholesterol in extrahepatic tissue cells is reesterified by acyl-COA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)

2-ACAT uses fatty acyl-CoA for esterification.

3- Excess free cholesterol affects cholesterol metabolism by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis.

4- Excess free cholesterol inhibits gene expression of LDL receptor.

a) 1-2-3-4
b) 1-2-3
c) ) 2-3
d) None
e) 2-4

A

a) 1-2-3-4

40
Q

Which one of the following enzymes of pyruvate metabolism catalyzes an anaplerotic reaction, thereby providing intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle?

a) Pyruvate carboxykinase
b) Pyruvate kinase

C) Pyruvate dehydrogenase

d) Pyruvate carboxylase
e) Pyruvate decarboxylase

A

e) Pyruvate decarboxylase

41
Q

Which GLUT is sensitive to both high and low blood glucose concentration in our body?

a) GLUT-4
b) GLUT-3
c) GLUT-1
d) GLUT-5
e) GLUT-2

A

e) GLUT-2

42
Q

.

A

.

43
Q

Which converts maltose in intestinal humen into glucose?

A) Salivary a-amylase

B) Pancreatic a-amylase

C) Sucrase

D) Maltase

E) lactase

A

D) Maltase

44
Q

Which of following statements about the Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction is false

A) The enzyme converts pyruvate to lactate

B) The enzyme converts NADH to NAD

C) The reaction is reversible

D) It is the last enzyme reaction in glycolysis

E) The enzyme is highly active under aerobic conditions

A

E) The enzyme is highly active under aerobic conditions

45
Q

Which is the highest in protein?

A) Chylomicron

B) VLDL

C) IDL

D) LDL

E) HDL

A

E) HDL

46
Q

Mark incorrect for cholesterol trafficking plasma

A) Most of the cholesterol is secreted by the liver in VLDL

B) VLDL is converted into IDL and ultimately LDL

C) Cholesterol is transported in plasma in lipoproteins, highest in LDL synthesizedin liver

D) LDL is taken up from the circuation by the LDL receptor in liver and extrahepatic tissues

E) Cholesteryl ester-containing LDLS are taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

C) Cholesterol is transported in plasma in lipoproteins, highest in LDL synthesizedin liver

3rd Committee 2nd Class (8 decks)

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