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AWS SAA > EBS > Flashcards

EBS Flashcards

1
Q

What is HA of an EBS Volume?

A

EBS automatically replicated within an AZ

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2
Q

What is the scalability of EBS?

A

You can change types or increase capacity with no downtime and no performance impact

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3
Q

What is the use case for gp2 and gp3?

A

Boot volume, test and development, no latency sensitive requirement. Installing an OS

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4
Q

What is the IOPS max for gp2? gp3?

A

16000 iops

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5
Q

What is the use case for io1/io2?

A

Need high performance, latency sensitive, database workloads, OLTP, expensive, greater than 16k iops needed

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6
Q

What is the iops for io1/io2?

A

64000 iops per volume

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7
Q

What is the use case for st1?

A

low cost to store lots data, frequently accessed, throughput intensive, for big data, etl, data warehouse, log processing?

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8
Q

What should you think when you hear big data, etl, data warehouse, log processing?

A

Throughput, not iops

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9
Q

What restriction does st1 have?

A

It can’t be a boot volume?

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10
Q

What is the use case for sc1?

A

Need lowest cost option, infrequently scanned data, performance not a factor

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11
Q

What restriction does sc1 have?

A

Can’t be a boot volume

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12
Q

Where is the EBS volume location in realtion to the EC2 instance?

A

It is in the same AZ

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13
Q

How do you share a snapshot?

A

Snapshots can be shared in the same region but outside region need to create a copy of the snapshot in that region.

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14
Q

How do you take a consistent snapshot?

A

You stop the ec2 instance first

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15
Q

How would you move an ebs volume to a different region?

A

Take a snapshot of the ebs volume. Copy snapshot to another region. You can encrypt snapshot if it is unencrypted.

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16
Q

How would you move an ec2 instance to a different region? **

A

Take snapshot of ebs, copy snapshot to other region, create an ami of the snapshot and launch.

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17
Q

How would you encrypt an unencrypted ebs volume?

A

Copy the snapshot of the unencrypted ebs volume, and then launch an new instance using an ami of the new snapshot

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18
Q

What happens to encryption if you take a snapshot of an encrypted volume?

A

The snapshot will be encrypted and all volumes made from the snapshot are encrypted

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19
Q

What does end to end encryption mean for an ebs volume?

A

Snaphots are encrypted. data is encrypted at rest and in flight between instance and volume

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20
Q

What happens by default to the root volume if an instance is terminated?

A

The root volume is terminated

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21
Q

What is ec2 hibernation? On Hibernation? On Startup?

A

Instance has contents of RAM saved to disk. On startup processes are resumed, RAM is reloaded from disk, instance retains its instance id, prev attached volumes are reattached.

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22
Q

Does EC2 hibernation instances keep their instance id?

A

Yes they keep their instance id

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23
Q

Why use EC2 hibernation?

A

Makes booting up your instance faster

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24
Q

What is the size restrictions for RAM in EC2 Hibernation? How long can hibernation be?

A

150 GB RAM max and 60 days

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25
Q

What is EFS?

A

Elastic File System is a NFS for EC2

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26
Q

How many EC2 instances can use EFS? Are there AZ restrictions?

A

Multiple EC2 instances can use the same EFS, and instances can be in different AZ’s (unlike EBS)

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27
Q

What OS works with EFS?

A

Only Linux

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28
Q

Why use EFS?

A

Multiple instances that need access to a central NFS. Automatic scaling of capacity, highly scalable to petabytes, pay for what you need

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29
Q

What are the 2 performance types for EFS?

A
  1. General Purpose (web servers, CMS)

2. Max I/O (media processing, big data)

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30
Q

Does EFS have lifecycle management?

A

Yes

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31
Q

What are the storage tiers for EFS?

A

Frequently accessed and Infrequently accessed

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32
Q

How many concurrent NFS connections does EFS support?

A

Supports thousand of connections

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33
Q

What is the consistency of reads for EFS? What is the HA?

A

Read after write consistency. Multi AZ

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34
Q

What is FSX for Windows?

A

Managed native Windows File System storage on Windows Server

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35
Q

When should you use FSX over EFS?

A

When you need Sharepoint or AD migrations.

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36
Q

What is the difference between FSX and EFS? Protocols?

A

FSX is for Windows using SMB. EFS is for Unix.

37
Q

What is SMB?

A

Server Message Block - protocol for windows FS

38
Q

What is FSX for Lustre?

A

Linux Managed Filesystem for compute intensive workloads

39
Q

What use cases are there for FSX for Lustre?

A

HPC, Machine Learning, AI, massive dataset processing, media processing

40
Q

Where does FSX for Lustre store things?

A

Stores things in S3

41
Q

What is an AMI?

A

Amazon machine image contains the info needed to launch an instance. Blueprint for an instance

42
Q

What is the difference between instance store vs ebs store?

A

Root volume is backed by an ebs volume from an ebs snapshot. Root volume is backed by a template stored in S3

43
Q

What happens if you stop an instance store? What hap-pens if the instance hardware fails?

A

You can’t stop an instance store. You will lose all data if the instance hardware fails

44
Q

What happens if you reboot an instance store?

A

Data will be retained

45
Q

What happens if you terminate and instance with instance store?

A

Data is lost

46
Q

What happens if you stop an ebs store? reboot ebs backed instance?

A

Data is retained in both cases

47
Q

What happens if you terminate and instance with ebs store?

A

The default is to terminate the root volume, but can be changed to retain

48
Q

What is AWS Backup?

A

Allows consolidated backup across AWS services.

49
Q

What is AWS Backup with Organizations?

A

Allows backup of multiple AWS accounts in your organization. Centralized control of backups of multiple services in multiple accounts

50
Q

Why use AWS Backup?

A

Centralized control, can set lifecycle policies, automate backups, enforce backup policies like encryption

51
Q

What engines does RDS support?

A

Postgresql, Mysql, Oracle, MariaDB, Aurora, Sql Server

52
Q

What is OLTP vs OLAP? What should RDS be used for?

A

OLTP = large amounts of small transactions
OLAP = large amounts of data, analysis and complex queries
RDS is for OLTP

53
Q

How does Multi AZ work for RDS? Is the copy async or sync?

A

There is a primary instance, and a standby instance in another AZ. If primary fails, then AWS switches DNS to point to standby. Data is synchronously copied to standby.

54
Q

Is Multi AZ used for performance gains in RDS?

A

No, Multi AZ is only for DR

55
Q

What are Read Replicas used for?

A

Increasing performance of RDS

56
Q

What is a read replica?

A

A read only copy of the db

57
Q

Where can you deploy a read replica?

A

Can put a read replica in a different AZ or different Region

58
Q

What DNS endpoint does Multi Az use vs read replica?

A

Multi AZ uses the same DNS endpoint while a read replica has a separate DNS endpoint

59
Q

How many read replicas can you have for RDS?

A

5 per database for MySQL,MariaDB,Postrgresql,Oracle, Sql Server
For Aurora you can have 15 replicas

60
Q

Can you promote a read replica into a standalone db?

A

Yes you can, but it breaks replication

61
Q

What must be turned on in RDS to enable Read Replicas?

A

Automatic Backups

62
Q

Can you make a Read Replica Multi AZ?

A

Yes you can make read replicas multi az

63
Q

Can you access the stand by RDS Instance in Multi AZ?

A

No you cannot access this instance while the primary db is still running

64
Q

What is Aurora?

A

Amazon proprietary use of postresql/mysql bringing commercial support/reliability with open source cost/simplicty

65
Q

What performance increases can you get with Aurora?

A

You can get 5x performance increase

66
Q

How many copies are kept for Aurora?

A

2 copies in each AZ for a total of 6 copies

67
Q

How many read replicas can Aurora have? vs. non-Aurora?

A

15 read replicas vs 5 read replicas

68
Q

Can you share EBS snapshots with other accounts? What needs to be done for you to do so?

A

Yes you can. To share EBS snapshots publicly, the snapshot must be unencrypted. For encrypted snapshots you must share the customer managed KMS key as well

69
Q

Why use Aurora?

A

Storage and CPU Autoscales up and down - perfect for unpredictable workloads

70
Q

What is Aurora Serverless?

A

Aurora Serverless is pay for what you use, on demand and auto scales up or down

71
Q

How many copies of data loss can happen for write? for read?

A

2 copies can be lost for write, and 3 for read

72
Q

How does failover for Aurora work? vs. non-Aurora?

A

There is automated failover to a read replica in Aurora while non-Aurora does not have failover

73
Q

How does backups work?

A

Automated backups are on by default and continuous

74
Q

What is DynamoDB?

A

A NoSQL document/key-value database for millisecond latency.

75
Q

What are 4 facts about DynamoDB?

A
  1. It is on SSD
  2. Spread across 3 geographic distinct datacenters
  3. Default is eventually consistent reads
  4. Can be strongly consistent reads
76
Q

What is DAX?

A

DynamoDB Accelerator which is a pass through cache, apps will talk to DynamoDB and it will handle the caching

77
Q

What is the general point of ACID?

A

Your transaction all succeeds or none at all

78
Q

How do you use ACID in DynamoDB?

A

Use DynamoDB Transactions for acid on 1 or more table in a single region and account

79
Q

What region do DynamoDB backups live in?

A

The same region as the DynmoDB table

80
Q

What is the retention for On-Demand Dynamo backups?

A

Retained until deleted

81
Q

What is the retention for Dynamo Point in Time Recovery?

A

35 days and at 5 minutes in the past interval

82
Q

Is Dynamo PITR turned on by default?

A

No it is not turned on by default

83
Q

What is DynamoDB Streams?

A

Time ordered sequences of changes to items in a table

84
Q

How long does data stay in a DynamoDB Stream?

A

24 hours

85
Q

What components are in a DynamoDB stream?

A

The stream, stream records aka sequences, shards aka a grouping of sequences

86
Q

What must be done to use DynamoDB Global Tables?**

A

You need to turn on DynamoDB Streams

87
Q

Why use Dynamo Global Tables?

A
  1. Provides multi region, multi master replication for HA and DR
  2. No need to rewrite applications
  3. Your application can be globally located
  4. Less than 1 second latency
88
Q

Why use DAX?

A

10x performance increase, changes latency from milliseconds to microseconds, fully managed caching

AWS SAA (20 decks)

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