EBP Terminology Flashcards
Dysplasia
The enlargement of an organ or tissue by the proliferation of cells of an abnormal type, as a developmental disorder or an early stage in the development of cancer
Metaplasia
Abnormal change in the nature of a tissue
Squamous Metaplasia
Process of change from columnar to squamous cells
Neoplasia
Neoplasia is the term used to describe the development of tumours or cancerous tissue
Hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia, Neoplasia
Hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia are reversible because they are results of a stimulus. Neoplasia is irreversible because it is autonomous
Hyperplasia
An abnormal increase in the number of cells
Transformation Zone
The transformation zone is an area of changing cells, and it is the most common place on the cervix for abnormal cells to develop. These abnormal cells can be detected on a Pap smear. The location of the transformation zone varies among women
CIN (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia)
Potentially premalignant transformation and abnormal growth (dysplasia) of squamous cells on the surface of the cervix
Squamocolumnar Junction
The region in the uterine cervix in which the squamous lining of the vagina is replaced by the columnar epithelium typical of the body of the uterus and which is a common site of neoplastic change
Interferon
Interferon is a protein produced by the immune system. Interferons defend the body against viral attacks
Amenorrhea
The absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue. Adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that forms in mucus-secreting glands throughout the body.
Epithelium
Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue. There are three principal shapes of epithelial cells: squamous, columnar, and cuboidal.
Squamous
Thin and flat cell shape
Squamous Epithelial Cell
In anatomy, squamous epithelium is that surface whose outermost (apical) layer consists of thin, flat cells called squamous epithelial cells
Opportunistic Infection
An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa) that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available, such as a host with a weakened immune system
Pneumonitis
Inflammation of the walls of the alveoli in the lungs, usually caused by a virus
Kaposi Sarcoma
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a cancer that develops from the cells that line lymph or blood vessels. It usually appears as tumors on the skin or on mucosal surfaces such as inside the mouth, but tumors can also develop in other parts of the body, such as in the lymph nodes, the lungs, or digestive tract
Cervical Dysplasia
Cervical dysplasia is a precancerous condition in which abnormal cell growth occurs on the surface lining of the cervix or endocervical canal, the opening between the uterus and the vagina
HIV Encephalopathy
HIV-encephalopathy is the result of damage to the brain by longstanding HIV infection. It is also known as HIV-associated dementia, or AIDS-dementia complex. HIV-encephalopathy causes problems with concentration and memory and may cause some slowness of physical movements
HAART
HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy) combines three or more drugs from at least two different classes to suppress the replication process of the virus in at least two different ways. Using this method the replication process is slowed down and the rate at which drug resistance can develop is vastly reduced because HIV finds it more difficult to overcome this combined attack
HSV
The herpes simplex virus, also known as HSV, is an infection that causes herpes
Fibrocystic Breast
A benign (noncancerous) condition in which a woman has painful lumps in her breasts
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make pictures of organs and structures inside the body
Mammography
Mammography is specialized medical imaging that uses a low-dose x-ray system to see inside the breasts
Fibroadenoma
Fibroadenomas (fy-broe-ad-uh-NO-muhz) are solid, noncancerous breast tumors that occur most often in adolescent girls and women under the age of 30. You might describe a fibroadenoma as firm, smooth, rubbery or hard with a well-defined shape. Usually painless, a fibroadenoma might feel like a marble in your breast, moving easily under your skin when touched
Lipoma
A lipoma is a growth of fat cells in a thin, fibrous capsule usually found just below the skin. Lipomas aren’t cancer and don’t turn into cancer. They are found most often on the torso, neck, upper thighs, upper arms, and armpits, but they can occur almost anywhere in the body
Mastitis
An infection of the breast tissue that results in breast pain, swelling, warmth and redness. You also might have fever and chills
Stereotactic Biopsy
Uses mammography to help pinpoint the spot in the breast that needs to be removed
Galactorrhea
Excessive or inappropriate production of milk
Endometriosis
An often painful disorder in which tissue that normally lines the inside of your uterus grows outside your uterus
Leiomyoma
Benign smooth muscle neoplasm that very rarely becomes cancer
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine system disorder among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have enlarged ovaries that contain small collections of fluid — called follicles — located in each ovary as seen during an ultrasound exam
Molluscum Contagiosum
A relatively common viral infection of the skin that results in round, firm, painless bumps ranging in size from a pinhead to a pencil eraser.
Paget’s Disease of the Mammary Glands
Paget disease of the breast (also known as Paget disease of the nipple and mammary Paget disease) is a rare type of cancer involving the skin of the nipple and, usually, the darker circle of skin around it, which is called the areola. Most people with Paget disease of the breast also have one or more tumors inside the same breast
