EBP Terminology

Question 1

Dysplasia

Answer 1

The enlargement of an organ or tissue by the proliferation of cells of an abnormal type, as a developmental disorder or an early stage in the development of cancer

Question 2

Metaplasia

Answer 2

Abnormal change in the nature of a tissue

Question 3

Squamous Metaplasia

Answer 3

Process of change from columnar to squamous cells

Question 4

Neoplasia

Answer 4

Neoplasia is the term used to describe the development of tumours or cancerous tissue

Question 5

Hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia, Neoplasia

Answer 5

Hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia are reversible because they are results of a stimulus. Neoplasia is irreversible because it is autonomous

Question 6

Hyperplasia

Answer 6

An abnormal increase in the number of cells

Question 7

Transformation Zone

Answer 7

The transformation zone is an area of changing cells, and it is the most common place on the cervix for abnormal cells to develop. These abnormal cells can be detected on a Pap smear. The location of the transformation zone varies among women

Question 8

CIN (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia)

Answer 8

Potentially premalignant transformation and abnormal growth (dysplasia) of squamous cells on the surface of the cervix

Question 9

Squamocolumnar Junction

Answer 9

The region in the uterine cervix in which the squamous lining of the vagina is replaced by the columnar epithelium typical of the body of the uterus and which is a common site of neoplastic change

Question 10

Interferon

Answer 10

Interferon is a protein produced by the immune system. Interferons defend the body against viral attacks

Question 11

Amenorrhea

Answer 11

The absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age

Question 12

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 12

A malignant tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue. Adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that forms in mucus-secreting glands throughout the body.

Question 13

Epithelium

Answer 13

Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue. There are three principal shapes of epithelial cells: squamous, columnar, and cuboidal.

Question 14

Squamous

Answer 14

Thin and flat cell shape

Question 15

Squamous Epithelial Cell

Answer 15

In anatomy, squamous epithelium is that surface whose outermost (apical) layer consists of thin, flat cells called squamous epithelial cells

Question 16

Opportunistic Infection

Answer 16

An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa) that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available, such as a host with a weakened immune system

Question 17

Pneumonitis

Answer 17

Inflammation of the walls of the alveoli in the lungs, usually caused by a virus

Question 18

Kaposi Sarcoma

Answer 18

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a cancer that develops from the cells that line lymph or blood vessels. It usually appears as tumors on the skin or on mucosal surfaces such as inside the mouth, but tumors can also develop in other parts of the body, such as in the lymph nodes, the lungs, or digestive tract

Question 19

Cervical Dysplasia

Answer 19

Cervical dysplasia is a precancerous condition in which abnormal cell growth occurs on the surface lining of the cervix or endocervical canal, the opening between the uterus and the vagina

Question 20

HIV Encephalopathy

Answer 20

HIV-encephalopathy is the result of damage to the brain by longstanding HIV infection. It is also known as HIV-associated dementia, or AIDS-dementia complex. HIV-encephalopathy causes problems with concentration and memory and may cause some slowness of physical movements

Question 21

HAART

Answer 21

HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy) combines three or more drugs from at least two different classes to suppress the replication process of the virus in at least two different ways. Using this method the replication process is slowed down and the rate at which drug resistance can develop is vastly reduced because HIV finds it more difficult to overcome this combined attack

Question 22

HSV

Answer 22

The herpes simplex virus, also known as HSV, is an infection that causes herpes

Question 23

Fibrocystic Breast

Answer 23

A benign (noncancerous) condition in which a woman has painful lumps in her breasts

Question 24

MRI

Answer 24

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make pictures of organs and structures inside the body

Question 25

Mammography

Answer 25

Mammography is specialized medical imaging that uses a low-dose x-ray system to see inside the breasts

Question 26

Fibroadenoma

Answer 26

Fibroadenomas (fy-broe-ad-uh-NO-muhz) are solid, noncancerous breast tumors that occur most often in adolescent girls and women under the age of 30. You might describe a fibroadenoma as firm, smooth, rubbery or hard with a well-defined shape. Usually painless, a fibroadenoma might feel like a marble in your breast, moving easily under your skin when touched

Question 27

Lipoma

Answer 27

A lipoma is a growth of fat cells in a thin, fibrous capsule usually found just below the skin. Lipomas aren’t cancer and don’t turn into cancer. They are found most often on the torso, neck, upper thighs, upper arms, and armpits, but they can occur almost anywhere in the body

Question 28

Mastitis

Answer 28

An infection of the breast tissue that results in breast pain, swelling, warmth and redness. You also might have fever and chills

Question 29

Stereotactic Biopsy

Answer 29

Uses mammography to help pinpoint the spot in the breast that needs to be removed

Question 30

Galactorrhea

Answer 30

Excessive or inappropriate production of milk

Question 31

Endometriosis

Answer 31

An often painful disorder in which tissue that normally lines the inside of your uterus grows outside your uterus

Question 32

Leiomyoma

Answer 32

Benign smooth muscle neoplasm that very rarely becomes cancer

Question 33

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Answer 33

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine system disorder among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have enlarged ovaries that contain small collections of fluid — called follicles — located in each ovary as seen during an ultrasound exam

Question 34

Molluscum Contagiosum

Answer 34

A relatively common viral infection of the skin that results in round, firm, painless bumps ranging in size from a pinhead to a pencil eraser.

Question 35

Paget’s Disease of the Mammary Glands

Answer 35

Paget disease of the breast (also known as Paget disease of the nipple and mammary Paget disease) is a rare type of cancer involving the skin of the nipple and, usually, the darker circle of skin around it, which is called the areola. Most people with Paget disease of the breast also have one or more tumors inside the same breast