EBM module 1&2 Flashcards
What are RCT
volunteers are randomly assigned to study groups to compare two treatments/interventions (experimental vs. control group)
What is a systematic review
when you use scientific methods to search and summarize all available studies that address a research question
What is a meta analysis
use of statistical methods to combine data from studies included in a systematic review
Why are systematic reviews and meta analysis beneficial
They summarize large amounts of information into manageable, more easily implemented pieces
What research healthcare questions are best answered by a RCT
Prevention (how can a problem be prevented)
Screening (will early detection cause a different outcome)
Diagnostic accuracy
Therapy (what should be done to treat it)
Harm (will there be negative side effects)
What research healthcare questions are best answered by Cohort studies
Diagnostic accuracy Prognosis Incidence Prevalence (also, cross-sectional) Etiology Harm (also case control)
What is PICO
Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome
good research question!
What is a cross-sectional study
Snapshot; measures distribution of characteristics in a population at a specific point in time
What is a case-control study
Compares people WITH specific outcome/disease to people withOUT, and looks retrospectively to find associations
What is a cohort
group of people, followed over time
outcomes are compared to analyze variables
What is absolute risk
risk of an outcome of a given treatment
What is absolute risk difference
change in risk of an outcome of a given treatment in relation to a comparative one
ex: drug A has 1% risk. drug B has 3% risk
absolute risk difference is 2%
What is relative risk
AKA risk ratio; ratio of risk between intervention group and control
What do the different risk ratios tell you
1: no difference
<1: less risky
>1: more risky
Ex- drug A:drug B= 0.1:0.3= 0.33 (top is less risky)
What is relative risk difference
AKA relative risk reduction; proportional reduction in risk of one treatment compared to the other
Ex- if risk ratio is 0.33, RRR is 1-0.33=0.66
drug A is 66% better than drug B
