Acquire Flashcards
What is reporting bias
selective revealing or suppression of information by subjects (ex: about PMHx)
What is risk
probability of suffering harm or loss
Proportion of participants experiencing the event of interest in a given period of time
What is PSA
protein made by prostate gland that is not cancer specific
there is no normal level
It is very SENSITIVE but not very specific
What did PSA screenings show
for every 100 men tested over 50 y/o; 10 had elevated PSA 3 had cancer 2 cancers were missed (false negative) 6 false positives
What can prostate cancer treatment cause
impotence and incontinence
What important lessons were learned with the prostate screening
speaking out is critical
discussion of harms and benefits is crucial
What is screening
testing for a disease or condition in a population with no symptoms
What is SENSITIVITY
How well a test finds the PRESENT disease.
of the people who have the disease, what percent test positive for having it?
What is SPECIFICITY
Correctly excluding disease when it ISN’T present
of the people who don’t have the disease, what percent test negative
What is validity vs. reliability
Validity: accurate
Reliability: repeatable
What are the potential harms of early detection
anxiety waiting for tests false positives additional tests biopsies (invasive) trauma of being Dx but cancer doesn't progress false negatives treatment S/E
What is the value of a peer reviewed article
it is more likely to be scientifically valid, and reach a reasonable conclusion
What is a search strategy
structured organization of terms used to search a database
What is a systematic review
a research study that collects and looks at multiple studies
What is a meta analysis
a statistical analysis that combines results of multiple scientific studies
