EBM Flashcards

1
Q

Primary prevention

A

Prevention of initial development of disease (immunization, smoking cessation)

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2
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Early detection in pre-clinical phase to slow progression or prevent complications (screening)

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3
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

Reducing impact of disease or comorbidities (diabetic foot checks, stroke rehab)

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4
Q

Normal stage in history of disease

A

No disease present

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5
Q

Preclinical phase in history of disease

A

Time from onset of disease to when symptoms first appear

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6
Q

Clinical phase in history of disease

A

Time when symptoms first appear through course of disease (including dx and tx)

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7
Q

Mortality rate

A

of deaths d/t specific cause in a given population size per unit time

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8
Q

Case-fatality rate

A

of people who die from a disease / # of people who have that disease

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9
Q

5-year survival

A

Survival rate at 5 years

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10
Q

Median survival

A

Time at which 50% are surviving from a given disease

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11
Q

Lead time bias

A

Occurs when screening finds a cancer earlier than that cancer would have been diagnosed solely d/t symptoms BUT the earlier diagnosis does nothing to change course of disease

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12
Q

Length bias

A

Refers to the fact that screening is more likely to pick up slower growing, less aggressive cancers, which can exist in the body longer than fast-growing cancers before symptoms develop

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13
Q

Overdiagnosis bias

A

Extreme example of length bias in which a slow growing cancer found by screening never would have caused them harm or required treatment

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