Eating Sustainably Final

Question 1

Who was Rachel Carlson?

Answer 1

Marine Biologist and conservationist who wrote Silent Spring.

Question 2

Name three inputs that organic agriculture prohibits.

Answer 2

Synthetic Pesticides.

Synthetic fertilizers.

GMOs

Question 3

What is rotenone?

Answer 3

Botanical pesticide outlawed due to links for Parkinson’s disease.

Question 4

Name the country with the largest organic agriculture land area.

Answer 4

Australia

Question 5

Name the Canadian Agency that regulates organic certification.

Answer 5

Canadian Food Inspection Agency.

Question 6

Why do people choose organic?

Answer 6

They think it is healthier.

They think it is better for the environment.

Question 7

What is a meta analysis?

Answer 7

Examination of data from a number of independent studies of the same subject matter in order to determine overall trends.

Question 8

Give two pesticide exposure routes.

Answer 8

Orally

Respiratory

Dermal contact

Question 9

There is some evidence to suggest that organic food might be nutritionally superior. Identify two of the benefits.

Answer 9

Higher concentration of omega-3 fatty acids.

Lower Cadmium.

Higher antioxidants.

Lower pesticide residues.

Question 10

There is some evidence to suggest that organic food might be better for the environment. Identify some of the potential
benefits.

Answer 10

Lower pesticide use.

Increased biodiversity.

Lower emissions/ energy use.

Increased soil fertility.

Question 11

What is the main challenge associated with organic agriculture.

Answer 11

Land use and lower yields.

Question 12

In Canada we do not grown the following GM crop.

Answer 12

Eggplant

Question 13

True or False. There are currently no GM animals approved for sale in Canada.

Answer 13

False. Salmon.

Question 14

What are the two most common traits that have been introduced to GM crops?

Answer 14

Insect resistance.

Herbicide resistance.

Question 15

What is golden rice?

Answer 15

GM crop that helps with vitamin A deficiency

Question 16

What are some concerns about GMOs?

Answer 16

Human health

Ecosystem concerns (gene transfer).

Economic (corporate ownership of organisms).

Question 17

What are some benefits of GM crops?

Answer 17

Higher yielding varieties.

Varieties that are well adapted to various climates (Drought tolerant).

Improved nutritional quality for food.

Question 18

What are some benefits of eating locally?

Answer 18

Helps preserve farmland in your area.

Support local economy.

Freshness, taste, and variety.

Helps connect you to your community.

Question 19

What are some limitations of using food miles as an indicator of sustainability?

Answer 19

Does not consider different modes of transport.

Ignored productivity differentials between geographical locations.

Question 20

True or False. Transportation accounts for more than 50% of the energy consumed in the agri-food system.

Answer 20

False.

Question 21

A NZ study indicated that it might be more sustainable for UK residents to purchase NZ lamb rather than UK lamb. Explain this.

Answer 21

Less intensive production system in NZ (pasture grazed) than in the UK (indoor housing and much higher use of cereals and grass silage).

Question 22

What are some benefits of CEA systems?

Answer 22

Growers have control of growing variables like temperature, lighting, water, humidity, nutrients, etc.

Tend to use less water, nutrients and pesticides.

Season extension.

Question 23

What are some limitations of CEA systems and vertical farms?

Answer 23

Energy and material demands (construction heating and lighting).

Higher carbon footprint.

Limited products.

More expensive.

Question 24

Why do people choose a vegetarian/ vegan diet?

Answer 24

Health concerns.

Religious reasons.

Ethical concerns.

Environmental concerns.

Question 25

Give the five freedoms of animal welfare.

Answer 25

Freedom from hunger and thirst. Freedom from discomfort. Freedom from pain, injury or disease. Freedom to express normal behaviour. Freedom from fear and distress.

Question 26

How is a plant-based diet more environmentally sustainable?

Answer 26

Lower feed conversion ratios and land use. Lower resource consumption (water). Lower pollution. Lower greenhouse gas emissions. Lower land degradation.

Question 27

Give an argument that supports eating meat.

Answer 27

Reduces possible nutrient deficiency.

Question 28

How do plant-based milk products compare to dairy in terms of environmental impact?

Answer 28

Lower in land use, ghg emissions, freshwater use, and eutrophication.

Question 29

Why have plant-based meats decreased in popularity over the years?

Answer 29

Consumers don't like "artificiality". Long list of ingredients (ultra-processed). Meat industry lobbying. Much more expensive.

Question 30

What are some of the challenges associated with cell-based meat?

Answer 30

Large energy consumption. High cost. Sensory properties. Require animal cell and serum doners.

Question 31

What are some environmental benefits of entomophagy?

Answer 31

Less land and water required. Good Feed conversion rations Lower GHGs Can be used as animal feel.

Question 32

What is an anadromous fish?

Answer 32

Migrate from the sea into fresh water to spawn.

Question 33

Name some types of fishing apparatus used to catch wild fish.

Answer 33

Purse Seine Longline Bottom trawl. Dredge. Gill net. Traps. Hook and line. Spear fishing.

Question 34

What is a Nordmore grate?

Answer 34

A grate that allows bycatch to escape to minimize risk of bycatch.

Question 35

What are some of the issues we should consider in order to evaluate the sustainability of wild caught fish?

Answer 35

Effect of fishing gear on habitats and ecosystems. Nature and extent of bycatch. Vulnerability of species to fishing pressure. Status of the species population.

Question 36

Describe a couple types of fish and seafood farming operations.

Answer 36

Anchovy are converted to fish meal and fish oil. Talapia or catfish (vegetarian diets). Oysters clams or mussels (filter feeders so no feed required).

Question 37

What has happened to the FIFO ratios for farmed fish over the past 10 years. Why?

Answer 37

They have decreased due to better feed efficiency and increase in technology.

Question 38

Ranges of carbon emissions associated with wild caught fish are generally much (larger or smaller) than for farmed fish.

Answer 38

Larger

Question 39

What are some of the challenges associated with open-net aquaculture?

Answer 39

Risk and impacts of escaped farmed fish to wild fish. Impacts of disease and parasite transfer to wild fish. Impacts of pollution (waste, antibiotics, antifoulants, pesticides) on ecosystems.