Eating Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Illnesses associated with maladaptive eating regulation responses include
A
- Anorexia nervosa
- Bulimia nervosa
- Binge eating disorders
2
Q
Predisposing Factors for Eating Disorders
A
- Psychological (Rigidity, perfectionism)
- Environmental (Illnesses, sexual abuse, drug abuse, media influences)
- Familial (Increased risk in female relatives)
- Biological (Probable relationship to serotonin and dopamine levels)
- Sociocultural (Shifting cultural norms for young women to face multiple, ambiguous, often contradictory role expectations)
3
Q
Implications for Eating Disorders
A
- More common in females; males more reluctant to seek treatment
- Sociocultural norms result in distorted body image
- Eating disorders can cause biological changes: altered metabolic rates, profound malnutrition, possibly death
- Eating obsessions can cause psychological problems (e.g., depression, isolation, emotional lability)
4
Q
Anorexia Nervosa
A
- Serious mental illness characterized by intense irrational beliefs about ones shape and weight, including fear of gaining weight.
- Refuses to eat because of distorted self-perception of fatness
- Starvation ensues and can become a chronic illness.
5
Q
Anorexia Nervosa Statistics
A
- Anorexia nervosa in approximately 0.5 – 1% of females
- About 5 – 10% of people with anorexia are male
- Usual onset between 13 – 20 years but can occur at any age
- Estimated mortality – 5% of those with the disorder
6
Q
Coping Mechanisms: Anorexia
A
- Happiest when fasting, losing weight, or achieving weight goals
-Severely maladaptive use of denial; often angry with others’ concern or attempts to help - **Issue not really about weight but about controlling life and fears of maturity, independence, failure, sexuality, or parental demands (Believe they have solved problem by controlling their food intake and their bodies)
7
Q
Medical Problems Related To Anorexia
A
- Patients 30% below ideal body weight often have life-threatening clinical and laboratory findings
- People who vomit and use laxatives or diuretics, regardless of weight, usually have health problems
- Metabolic and endocrine abnormalities result from malnutrition / starvation
8
Q
Starvation and malnutrition from anorexia can cause what medical problems?
A
- Amenorrhea
- Osteoporosis
- Hypometabolic symptoms (cold intolerance, bradycardia)
- Hypotension
- Constipation
- Acid-base
- Fluid-electrolyte disturbances, e.g., pedal edema
9
Q
Bulimia Nervosa
A
- Uncontrolled binge eating alternating with vomiting or dieting (purging calories)
- More common than anorexia
- Same patient may have bulimia and anorexia
10
Q
Bulimia Nervosa occurs
A
- Occurs in people of normal weight but people may be obese or thin*
- Occurs usually at 15-18 years old
11
Q
Coping Mechanisms: Bulimia
A
- Defense mechanisms (Avoidance, denial, isolation of affect, intellectualization)
- Usually upset about bingeing and purging behavior; realize not in control
- Regard symptoms as preferable to weight gain; years before accept treatment
12
Q
What are medical problems related to bulimia?
A
- Potassium depletion and hypokalemia from vomiting, laxative or diuretic abuse
- Gastric, esophageal, bowel abnormalities common in patients with bulimia
- May erode dental enamel, cause enlarged parotid glands
13
Q
Bulimia: Symptoms of Potassium Depletion
A
- Muscle weakness
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Conduction abnormalities
- Hypotension
14
Q
Binge Eating
A
- Consuming large amounts of calories in contained amount of time (after experiencing significant distress)
- Differs from bulimia because person does not attempt to prevent weight gain nor are purging behaviors used. (Can be normal weight but repeated bingeing will lead to obesity)
15
Q
Medical Problems RT Binge Eating
A
- Excess weight -> serious health problems (i.e Hypertension, cardiac problems, sleep apnea, difficulty with mobility, DM, etc. )
- Increased weight -> exacerbate health problems
- Medical problems are common
