Eating Disorders Flashcards
What is the function of the hypothalamus in relation to appetite?
Regulates the body’s ability to recognize hunger, satiety, and fullness.
What societal factors influence eating behaviors?
Society and culture influence what is considered desirable in body image.
What is the lifetime prevalence of anorexia nervosa?
2.4 to 4.3 percent.
What percentage of individuals with anorexia are men?
25 percent.
What is the lifetime prevalence of bulimia nervosa among women?
2 percent.
When does bulimia nervosa typically onset?
Late adolescence or early adulthood.
What is binge-eating disorder (BED)?
Recurrent episodes of eating significantly more than usual without compensatory behaviors.
How is obesity defined in terms of BMI?
A body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater.
What percentage of U.S. adults are classified as obese?
39.8 percent.
What is a key characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
Morbid fear of obesity.
List common symptoms of anorexia nervosa.
- Gross distortion of body image
- Preoccupation with food
- Refusal to eat
What is ‘diabulimia’?
A choice to not take insulin, leading to weight loss through fat and muscle burning.
What are some expected symptoms of anorexia nervosa?
- Hypothermia
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Edema
- Lanugo
- Metabolic changes
What is Russell’s sign?
Physical indicator of self-induced vomiting, characterized by calluses or scars on knuckles.
What might excessive vomiting and laxative abuse lead to?
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
What distinguishes binge-eating disorder from bulimia nervosa?
Individuals with BED do not engage in compensatory behaviors.
What biological influences may predispose individuals to eating disorders?
- Genetics
- Neuroendocrine abnormalities
- Neurochemical influences
What psychodynamic influence is suggested for eating disorders?
Profound disturbances in mother-infant interactions.
What is the BMI range for normal weight?
20 to 24.9.
What is the BMI threshold for anorexia nervosa?
17 or lower, or less than 15 in extreme cases.
What is the priority nursing diagnosis for a client with severe self-induced vomiting?
Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements.
What are the expected outcomes for a client with an eating disorder?
- Achieve and maintain at least 80% of expected body weight
- Normal vital signs
- Knowledge of adequate nutrition
What is a key intervention for clients with eating disorders?
Establish a trusting relationship.
How is ‘denial’ defined in the context of eating disorders?
An attempt to disavow knowledge of an event to reduce anxiety and/or fear.
What is the Maudsley approach in family therapy?
Educates the family about the disorder and assesses their impact on it.
What medications have been tried with some success for anorexia nervosa?
- Fluoxetine (Prozac)
- Clomipramine (Anafranil)
- Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
What is the role of behavior modification in treating eating disorders?
Central to treatment; clients must perceive control over their treatment.
What is the definition of obesity in relation to fat accumulation?
Condition where an individual accumulates abnormal or excessive fat for age and gender.
What is the expected behavior of clients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa regarding weight?
They are within their normal weight range.
What is the primary treatment modality for eating disorders?
Combination of psychotherapy and medication.
Symptoms of anorexia
Hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension, edema
What eating disorder can lead to obesity?
BED
What percent of individuals with BED have depression?
50%
Outcomes for Eating disorders
Maintained at least 80% of Bellevue West
Vitals and labs WNL
Verbalizes importance of adequate nutrition and fluid intake
Verbalizes anxiety inducing events and techniques to reduce it
Verbalizes techniques to help reduce feelings of powerlessness
Express interest in welfare of others and less preoccupied with own appearance
Gain 2 lbs/week
Verbalizes misperceptions about body image (anorexia)
Establishes a healthy pattern of eating (BED)
Verbalizes plan for maintaining weight control (BED)
When is hospitalization necessary?
When client weight is <75% of expected
How to handle denial in patient with ED
Avoid arguing or bargaining, remain with client for 1 hour after eating
What is important for the success of the treatment?
For the client to perceive they are in control of the treatment
Meds for anorexia (some success)
Fluoxetine
Clomipramine
Cyprohentiadine
Chlorpromazine
Olanzapine
Bulimia Meds
Fluoxetine
Imipramine
Desipramine
Amitriptyline
Nortriptyline
Phenelzine
Meds for BED with Obesity
Topimarate
Lisdexamfetamine
