Eating disorder Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three main types of eating disorders?
A
- anorexia nervosa
- bulimia nervosa
- binge eating disorder > added to DSM in 2013
2
Q
what are rarer eating disorders?
A
- pica > consumption of non food items
- avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (children) > Limited food preferences > avoidance of certain food or textures can lead to inadequate nutrition > not driven by body weight
- rumination disorder > repeated regurgitation of food w/o medical cause
3
Q
what are commonly observed characteristics in anorexia (clinically)?
A
- emphasis on control, perfectionism and rituals surround eating
- severe caloric restrictions
- fear of weight gain and compensatory behaviours ( excessive exercise or vomiting) > also manipulation in therapy
- individuals exhibit rules and rigidity in various aspects of life
4
Q
what is the DSM criteria for anorexia?
A
- restricting energy intake = significantly low body weight
- intense fear of weight gain interfering w/ eating or weight gain
- disturbance in how the body is perceived > lack of insight
- diagnosis requires having BMI below 18.5 > limitations: not account for factors e.g. muscle mass
5
Q
What are the two main types of anorexia?
A
- restricting type: self-control, limit, food, intake and exercise
- binge eating/purging type: binging episodes followed by compensatory behaviours, e.g. self induced vomiting, or misuse of laxatives
6
Q
What are the biological symptoms of anorexia?
A
- preoccupation w/ food > obsessive thoughts
-headache & fainting < insufficient nutrition - cardiovascular effects > poor heart circulation, risk of cardiac arrest
- gastrointestinal symptoms > bloating, diarrhoea, & abdominal pain
- hormonal imbalance > absence of period in women
- kidney issues, dehydration, kidney failure
- Skin and hair changes, growth of fine hair (lanugo)
7
Q
What are psychological symptoms of anorexia?
A
- mood swings, anxiety & depression
8
Q
what are symptoms of bulimia?
A
- lapses in control during eating episodes
- impulsivity, shame, guilt & secrecy < binge eating > followed by compensatory behaviours e.g. purging
- self worth related to body image
- perfectionism > personality trait
- common fear of food
- normally have normal body weight
9
Q
what is the DSM criteria for bulimia?
A
- recurrent episodes of binge eating within discreet period
- amount of food larger than most ppl would consume
- lack of control during binge eating episode
- recurrent compensatory behaviours to prevent weight gain for at least 3m
10
Q
how is severity of bulimia classified based on number of binges per week (DSM)?
A
- Mild (1-3)
- Moderate (4-7)
- Severe (8-13)
- Extreme (14+)
11
Q
what are biological symptoms of bulimia?
A
- electrolyte depletion = health issues
- erosion of enamel, ulcers nd intestinal issues < due to continuous purging
- symptoms, e.g. swollen salivary glands, muscle, cramps, & fatigue
12
Q
what are commonly observed characteristics in binge eating disorder (clinically)?
A
- self-worth relates to body’s appearance
-lapse of control, impassivity and binge eating episodes > accompanied by guilt, secrecy & self disgust - difference between bulimia & BED = doesn’t involve purging = higher bodyweight
- typically diagnosed in later life
- intolerance to negative moods > binge for mood regulation?
13
Q
what is the DSM 5 criteria for binge eating disorder?
A
- recurrent episode of binge eating associated w/ specific behaviours = eating rapidly, large amount when not hungry, eating alone due to embarrassment & feeling depressed/ guilty after
- on average binging at least once a week for 3m
- not associated w/ recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviour!
14
Q
what are health risks of binge eating?
A
- high blood pressure
- high cholesterol
- heart disease
- diabetes
- sleep apnea
15
Q
what are biological risk factors of eating disorders?
A
- heritability of eating disorder est > 40%- 60%
- first degree relative w/ eating disorder at elevated risk
- weak evidence > lateral hypothalamus as regulator of satiety
