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Geoography Y8 > Earths Spheres, Ecosystems and Biomes > Flashcards

Earths Spheres, Ecosystems and Biomes Flashcards

1
Q

Geosphere

A

The land sphere. Contains rocks and minerals

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2
Q

Atmosphere

A

The air.

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3
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Water

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4
Q

Biosphere

A

Living organisms

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5
Q

How many spheres are they and what are they?

A

4: geosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere

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6
Q

Ecosystem Definition

A

A geographic area where living organisms (e.g. plants and animals) and the weather and landscape, work together to for life

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7
Q

Biotic factors

A

Living factors. Plants, animals, and other organisms

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8
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Non-living factors. Rocks, temperature, and humidity

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9
Q

Biomes hold…

A

Smaller ecosystems

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10
Q

Biomes

A

Are large sections of land, sea or atmosphere. Forest, ponds, reefs and tundra are examples.

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11
Q

Main biomes

A

Temperate forest, tundra, rainforest, desert, savanna, taiga forest

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12
Q

Tropical Rainforest Examples

A

Amazon, Congo, Borneo

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13
Q

Hot desert examples

A

Namib, Arabian, Mojave, Sahara

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14
Q

Cold desert examples

A

Gobi, Antarctica, Patagonia

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15
Q

Mountain Range Examples

A

Rockies, Alps, Himalayas, Andes

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16
Q

Shrub layer

A

Layer of dense plant growth containing shrubs and ferns

17
Q

Under-canopy

A

A layer of bare trees and lianas found under the canopy

18
Q

Forest floor

A

Usually dark and damp: it contains a layer of rotting leaves which provide nutrients to the soil

19
Q

Canopy

A

Layer of trees that block the sun from lower layers

20
Q

Emergent

A

Tallest trees in the rainforest

21
Q

Heating the earths surface. Why is the equatorial climate hot?

A

The Earth’s surface area is not heated evenly. Places near the equator are warmer because a smaller surface area is heated, making the heat more concentrated.

22
Q

Why is the Rainforest so wet

A

Convectional rainfall. Sun heats up the land and air above it. Hot air rises, cools and condenses to form clouds. Rain then occurs

23
Q

Adaptations

A

The slow process in which a species becomes fitted to its environment

24
Q

Roots above ground adaptation

A

To provide support to very large trees and soak up nutrients from soil

25
Q

Spikes around bud adaptation

A

To prevent animals from eating it

26
Q

Ability to rap around and climb up trees adaptation

A

TO get more sunlight

27
Q

Logging

A

Is used to export timber for things like furniture

28
Q

Population Pressure

A

Forest gets turned into new settlements to decrease overcrowdedness on some islands

29
Q

Plantations

A

Palm oil production is very profitable, turning millions of hectares of forest into plantations

30
Q

HEP (hydroelectric power) schemes

A

Plan to provide greener energy to support industrial development

31
Q

Mining

A

Coal mining is causing deforestation and the Indonesian government is building a railway to link the mines to the port, through the rainforest

32
Q

Human Impact examples

A

Mines provide jobs for people, money from logging helps countries develop, contaminates fresh water for locals, tribes would be forced to leave,

33
Q

Environmental Impact examples

A

Habitats are destroyed, animals becoming endangered/extinct,
reducing soil fertility, loss of biodiversity, increased CO2, flooding rivers due to soil clogging them up

34
Q

How National Parks can help manage deforestations

A

Areas are protected by laws which ensure their conservation

35
Q

How Agro-forestry can help manage deforestations

A

Farmers and the soil both benefit. Prevents soil erosion and provides shelter to crops

36
Q

Examples of managing deforestation

A

National parks, agro-forestry, selective logging, afforestation, monitoring, education

Geoography Y8 (2 decks)

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