Earths resources Flashcards
What are the four main layers of the Earth?
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
How was the Earth formed?
By massive collisions of cosmic gas, dust, and debris
What role did gravity play in the formation of the Earth?
Helped to gather gas and dust together
What are planetesimals?
Early planets formed from colliding objects
What is the approximate depth of the Earth’s crust?
8-65 km
What is the composition of the Earth’s outer core?
Liquid iron and nickel
What is the composition of the Earth’s inner core?
Solid iron and nickel
What are the two types of Earth’s crust?
Oceanic crust and continental crust
Describe the oceanic crust.
A thin layer of heavy rock
Describe the continental crust.
Made up of lighter rock and forms the continents
What is the depth of the outer core?
2220 km
What is the depth of the mantle?
2900 km
True or False: The crust under the oceans is called the continental crust.
False
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the layer of the Earth that is solid and primarily made of iron and nickel.
Inner Core
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a liquid layer made mainly of iron and nickel.
Outer Core
What is the total number of main planets formed in the solar system?
Eight
What is a constructive boundary?
Plates that are moving in the opposite direction
What is a margin plate boundary?
The point where two plates meet
What is a destructive boundary / collision boundary
Plates that move towards each other
What is a conservative boundary?
Plates that are sliding past each other
Explain convection currents
•Heat rises from the core and travels towards the crust, this causes hot and less dense material to rise
•As it nears the crust, this molten material starts to cool and sink back towards the core to be heated again
•This creates a convection current and drives tectonic plates apart
What are positives and negatives about geothermal energy
it produces 2000x less carbon
Is renewable
Is sustainable
Can be used for hot water and electricity
Geothermal is restrictive
Has to be harnessed around a plate boundary
how is geothermal harnessed?
Hot water in the form of steam is taken from the rocks in the earth
This steam is used to turn a turbine
The generator converts kinetic energy into electrical potential energy
The steam is then cooled into water in a cooling tower
The cold water is then injected back deep in the earth
How is extrusive rock formed?
By lava cooling quickly on the surface
How is intrusive rock formed?
From magma cooling slowly under the surface
3 examples of igneous rock
Pumice
Basalt
Granite
Gabbro
3 examples of sedimentary rock
Chalk
Clay
Limestone
Sand stone
Shale
Coal
3 examples of Metamorphic rock
Marble
Slate
Gneiss
Schist
