earths energy budget

Question 1

when a molecule evaporates out of a container halfway full with water

Answer 1

internal energy stays the same, but temp of both the liquid and the gas decrease

slowest moving molecules join the gas and fastest moving molecules leave the liquid

Question 2

what happens to TKE of a molecule when it evaporates

Answer 2

it does not change

energy required to break IMFs has already occured

Question 3

how does a molecule gain enough energy to evaporate

Answer 3

through conduction or radiation

collides w gas molecule or absorbs EM radiation

needs to collide with enough energetic gas molecules in order to gain enough heat

Question 4

latent heat processes : how can a state change w no change in Temp?

Answer 4

1) conduction

molecule bumps a higher energy molecule

2) radiation

EM radiation is enough that the molecule cant take anymore

Question 5

when ice is added to liquid water

Answer 5

increase in temp in both states

slowest liquid molecules are lost to solid (increases liquid temp)

fastest molecules in solid are now those liquid molecules (increasing temp of solid)

Question 6

latent heat has to do with

Answer 6

potential energy and IMFs

Question 7

sensible heat has to do with

Answer 7

kinetic energy and TKE

Question 8

latent heat is a transfer of energy that affects …… energy, not ….. energy. it affects temp ……

Answer 8

potential

kinetic

indirectly

Question 9

greenhouse gas

Answer 9

absorbs and emits thermal IR radiation

CO2, H2O, N2O, O3, CH4

Question 10

greenhouse effect

Answer 10

absorption of IR radiation emitted from Earth by atmospheric gases (GHGs) that increases temperature of Earth

Question 11

differences between GHG effect and an actual greenhouse

Answer 11

the GHG effect traps IR and causes absorption by GHGs to generate TKE

an actual greenhouse traps TKE and prevents sensible heat flux

Question 12

insolation is a ….. not a measure of amount

Answer 12

rate (or flux)

Question 13

…. is the least present out of the main 3 components of insolation

Answer 13

UV

Question 14

on a graph of insolation, atmospheric window processing occurs in

Answer 14

atmospheric absorption

Question 15

molecules that transfer TKE during sensible heat flux

Answer 15

all GHGs

N2, O2, CO2, H2O

Question 16

molecules that transfer TKE during latent heat flux

Answer 16

just H2O

Question 17

during latent heat flux, IMFs are ……… than TKE

Answer 17

greater

Question 18

sensible heat flux process

Answer 18

as air rises it takes particles that vibrate, rotate, and randomly translate that bring TKE with them

Question 19

latent heat flux is only composed of water because

Answer 19

only water participates in a state change

Question 20

insolation

Answer 20

incoming solar radiation

mainly IR, UV, and visible

can be reflected, scattered, or absorbed

342 W/m2

Question 21

albedo

Answer 21

measure of relative amount of insolation reflected by surface

31.3%

Question 22

107 w/m2 of total insolation is reflected

Answer 22

77 by clouds and 30 by surface

Question 23

reflection is caused by

Answer 23

1) clouds
2) aerosols
3) ice and snow

Question 24

atmospheric windows

Answer 24

wavelengths are preferably absorbed by certain gasses in atmosphere

Question 25

outgoing thermal radiation

3 processes that distribute TKE away from earth

Answer 25

1) conduction (minor effect)
2) convection (sensible heat flux, latent heat flux)
3) radiation (from insolation absorbed at surface)

Question 26

sensible heat flux

Answer 26

transport of TKE from surface of Earth to atmosphere not associated with state changes

all air molecules rising in convection cells

Question 27

latent heat flux

Answer 27

transport of TKE from surface of Earth to atmosphere via state changes

evaporated molecules condense