earths dynamic crust and interior

Question 1

Asthenosphere

Answer 1

the upper layer of the earth’s mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.

Question 2

continental crust

Answer 2

the relatively thick part of the earth’s crust that forms the large landmasses. It is generally older and more complex than the oceanic crust.

Question 3

convergent plate boundary

Answer 3

an area where plates move toward one another and collide

Question 4

crust

Answer 4

Earth’s outermost layer.

Question 5

divergent plate boundary

Answer 5

where two plates are moving apart, magma comes up to create new crust

Question 6

earthquake

Answer 6

The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface.

Question 7

epicenter

Answer 7

Point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus

Question 8

faulted

Answer 8

Rock layers that are offset or displaced along a type of crack called a fault.

Question 9

folded

Answer 9

the bends in layered rock due to movement in the lithosphere; a type of deformed rock

Question 10

hot spot

Answer 10

An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it

Question 11

inner core

Answer 11

A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth

Question 12

island arc

Answer 12

A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trench

Question 13

lithosphere

Answer 13

A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.

Question 14

mantle

Answer 14

The layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core.

Question 15

mid-ocean ridge

Answer 15

An underwater moutain chain where new ocean floor is formed

Question 16

Moho

Answer 16

the boundary between the earth’s mantle and crust

Question 17

oceanic crust

Answer 17

earths crust located under the ocean

Question 18

ocean trench

Answer 18

Deep valley in the ocean floor that forms along a subduction zone

Question 19

original horizontality

Answer 19

the principle that sedimentary rocks are deposited in horizontal or nearly horizontal layers

Question 20

outer core

Answer 20

A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth

Question 21

p-waves

Answer 21

A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground.

Question 22

plate tectonic theory

Answer 22

the theory that the lithosphere is broken up into large plates that move and then rejoin; considered the unifying theory of geology

Question 23

Plate (lithospheric plates)

Answer 23

large pieces of Earth’s lithosphere that move over the asthenosphere

Question 24

s-waves

Answer 24

A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side

Question 25

seismic wave

Answer 25

vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake

Question 26

subduction

Answer 26

The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary.

Question 27

transform plate boundary

Answer 27

Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other.

Question 28

tsunami

Answer 28

A giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor.

Question 29

uplifted

Answer 29

raised up

Question 30

volcanic eruption

Answer 30

The release of material from under Earth’s crust to its surface

Question 31

volcano

Answer 31

a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth’s crust.