Earthquakes/volcano Flashcards
fault
A fault is a crack in the Earth’s crust. Typically, faults are associated with, or form, the boundaries between Earth’s tectonic plates. In an active fault, the pieces of the Earth’s crust along a fault move over time. The moving rocks can cause earthquakes
ring of fire
The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. In a 40,000 km (25,000 mi) horseshoe shape, it is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic belts and plate movements.
transform/strike slip
transform fault in Science. transform fault. (trāns’fôrm’) A type of strike-slip fault that accommodates the relative horizontal slip between other tectonic elements, such as tectonic plates, and is common along the edges of plates in mid-ocean ridge regions.
divergent/normal
divergent plate boundary in Science. divergent plate boundary. (dĭ-vûr’jənt) A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving away from each other and new crust is forming from magma that rises to the Earth’s surface between the two plates.
convergent/reverse
characterized by convergence; tending to come together; merging.
p-waves
A P-wave is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology, the first signal from an earthquake to arrive at a seismograph. It may be transmitted through gases, liquids, or solids.
s-waves
In seismology, S-waves, secondary waves, or shear waves (sometimes called an elastic S-wave) are a type of elastic wave, and are one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object, unlike surface waves.
epicenter
the point on the earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.
focus
Earthquake. Epicenter. … Epicenter-The point on the Earth’s surface located directly above the focus of an earthquake. Focus-The location where the earthquake begins. The ground ruptures at this spot, then seismic waves radiate outward in all directions.
Richter scale
The Richter magnitude scale assigns a magnitude number to quantify the size of an earthquake. The Richter scale, developed in the 1930s, is a base-10 logarithmic scale in order to cover the huge range of earthquakes
explosive volcano
Types of eruption. Volcanic eruptions can be explosive, sending ash, gas and magma high up into the atmosphere, or the magma can form lava flows, which we call effusive eruptions. Whether an eruption is explosive or effusive largely depends upon the amount of gas in the magma.
non-explosive volcano
A second type of volcanic eruption is a non-explosive or effusive eruption (Figure 8.11). Because the composition of magma is different in different volcanoes, the properties of the lava are different. In effusive eruptions, lava flows are relatively calm and do not explode out of the volcano.
Krakatoa
Krakatoa, or Krakatau, is a volcanic island situated in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung
Yellowstone Super Volcano
The Yellowstone Caldera is a volcanic caldera and supervolcano in Yellowstone National Park in the Western United States, sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Supervolcano
San Andreas fault
The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilometers through California. It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and its motion is right-lateral strike-slip
