Earthquakes and Volcanoes Flashcards
Divergent/Constructive plate boundary:
When plates move away from each other
<– –>
Convergent plate boundary:
When plates move towards each other
–> <–
Collision plate boundary:
(Type of convergent) Collides and goes upwards, forming a mountain
Destructive plate boundary:
(Type of convergent) Collides, one plate goes under the other
Conservative/transform plate boundary:
Plates move alongside each other in opposite directions (no collision, brush against each other). No volcanoes, only earthquakes
Fault definition:
Area where 2 plates meet
Continental plate definition:
Lighter, less dense plate, is the plate above during destructive plate boundary
Oceanic plate definition:
Heavier, more dense plate, is theh plate below during destructive plate boundary
Lateral burst definition:
Powerful eruptions, pressure causes the side of a volcano to collapse
Pyroclastic flow definition:
Combination of ash, gas, tephra, volcanic bombs and lava that can travel at speeds of hundreds of km an hour
Lahar definition:
A mix of ash and tephra that mixes with water or melts ice during an eruption, leading to a mudflow
Ash definition:
Pulvurised rock that can be inhaled or cause houses/buildings to collapse
Volcanic bomb definition:
Chunks of lava ejected at high speeds
Primary hazard of earthquake
Seismic energy/shaking of ground
Secondards hazards of earthquakes (6)
1) Building collapses
2) Tsunami
3) Landslides
4) Glass shattering/furniture falling
5) Fire (gas leaks and fallen electricity poles)
6) Liquefaction –> ground/soil behaving like water
Vent definition:
Opening at the top of a volcano where magma comes out
Crater definition:
The area at the top of a volcano that surrounds the vent; normally looks like a large vent
Tephra definition:
Rock fragments and particles ejected by a volcanic eruption
Viscous definition
Having a thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid; having a high viscosity
