Earthquakes and Volcanoes Flashcards
A path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.
Ring of fire
Vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally.
Strike-slip fault
A dip-slip fault in which the upper block, above the fault plane, moves up and over the lower block.
Normal fault reverse fault
The block above the fault moves up relative to the block below the fault.
Reverse fault
Seismic body waves meaning that they travel through the Earth’s interior.
P-waves
Seismic body waves meaning they travel through the Earth’s interior.
S-waves
The location directly above it on the surface of the earth.
Epicenter
The place inside Earth’s crust where an earthquake originates.
Focus
Quantitative measure of an earthquake’s magnitude.
Richter magnitude scale
If a lot of gas is trapped within magma, pressure will build and build until eventually the magma erupts explosively out of the volcano.
Explosive volcano
Non-explosive volcanic eruptions generally occur when magma is thin and flows easily.
Nonexplosive volcano
A small volcanic island in Indonesia.
Krakatoa
A volcanic center that has had an eruption of magnitude 8 on the Volcano Explosive Index.
Yellowstone super volcano
A continental transform fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilometers (750 mi) through California.
San Andrea fault
A continuous range of underwater volcanoes that wraps around the globe like seams on a baseball, stretching nearly 65,000 kilometers (40,390 miles).
Mid-oceanic ridge
A volcano formed entirely from accumulated flows of fluid lava, growing a few feet at a time and giving the volcano its broad, gently sloping profile.
Shield volcano
The simplest type of volcano.
Cinder cone volcano
Large volcanoes (many thousands of feet or meters tall) are generally composed of lava flows, pyroclastic deposits, and mud flow (lahar) deposits, as well as lava domes.
Composite volcano
A large plume of hot mantle material rising from deep within the Earth.
Hot spot
A Stratovolcano and was formed as a result of the collision of two tectonic plates, the African and the Eurasian.
Mt. Vesuvius
