Earthquakes and Volcano

Question 1

Ring of fire

Answer 1

The Ring of Fire is a region around much of the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur.

Question 2

Strike-slip fault

Answer 2

vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally

Question 3

Normal fault

Answer 3

a type of dip-slip fault where the hanging wall moves downwards from the footwall

Question 4

Reverse fault

Answer 4

a dip-slip fault in which the hanging wall moves upwards, relative to the footwall

Question 5

P-waves

Answer 5

the fastest seismic waves and can move through solid, liquid, or gas

Question 6

S-waves

Answer 6

transverse waves that travel slower than P-waves

Question 7

epicenter

Answer 7

the point on the earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.

Question 8

focus

Answer 8

the center of interest or activity.

Question 9

Richter magnitude scale

Answer 9

an earthquake’s magnitude

Question 10

explosive volcano

Answer 10

In volcanology, an explosive eruption is a volcanic eruption of the most violent type.

Question 11

nonexplosive volcano

Answer 11

appears to result from rapid, sub-surface gas release from magma ascending as a permeable foam

Question 12

Krakatoa

Answer 12

Krakatoa, also transcribed Krakatau, is a caldera in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung.

Question 13

. Yellowstone supervolcano

Answer 13

The Yellowstone Caldera, sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Supervolcano, is a volcanic caldera and supervolcano in Yellowstone National Park in the Western United States.

Question 14

San Andreas fault

Answer 14

The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilometers through California.

Question 15

Mid-oceanic ridge

Answer 15

A mid-ocean ridge is a seafloor mountain system formed by plate tectonics.

Question 16

shield volcano

Answer 16

a broad domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava.

Question 17

. cinder cone volcano

Answer 17

A cinder cone is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic clinkers, volcanic ash, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent.

Question 18

composite volcano

Answer 18

large volcanoes (many thousands of feet or meters tall) generally composed of lava flows, pyroclastic deposits, and mudflow

Question 19

hot spot

Answer 19

an area on Earth over a mantle plume or an area under the rocky outer layer of Earth, called the crust, where magma is hotter than surrounding magma

Question 20

. Mt. Vesuvius

Answer 20

Mount Vesuvius is a somma-stratovolcano located on the Gulf of Naples in Campania, Italy