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Science > Earthquakes > Flashcards

Earthquakes Flashcards

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1
Q

ground movements that occur when blocks of rock in Earth move suddenly and release energy.

A

Earthquakes

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2
Q

energy is released as ___________ that cause the ground to move.

A

Seismic waves

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3
Q

a place within Earth along a fault where the first motion of an earthquake occur

A

Focus

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4
Q

The place on Earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the

A

Epicenter

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5
Q

Seismic waves flow _________ from the focus in all directions.

A

Outward

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6
Q

Most earthquakes occur near a _______, which is where two or more tectonic plates meet.

A

tectonic plate boundary

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7
Q

The release of energy that accompanies the movement of rock along a fault causes an _________.

A

Earthquake

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8
Q

Stress on the rock causes __________, which is the process by which the rock becomes deformed and changes shape.

A

Deformation

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9
Q

As the stress on rock increases, the energy stored in it ____________.

A

Increases

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10
Q

When the stress is released, the rock may return to its _________ shape

A

Original shapes

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11
Q

When rock returns to nearly the same shape after the stress is removed, the process is called

A

Elastic deformation

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12
Q

The return of rock to its original shape after elastic deformation is called

A

Elastic rebound

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13
Q

Most earthquakes happen at or near .

A

Tectonic plate boundaries

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14
Q

There are three main types of tectonic plate boundaries:

A

divergent, convergent, and transform

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15
Q

At divergent boundaries, __________ stress causes normal faults to form. Earthquakes tend to be shallow because the crust is thin.

A

Tension

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16
Q

At convergent boundaries, rock is squeezed, and the stress is called __________. Reverse faults are formed, and earthquakes can be strong and deep.

A

Compression

17
Q

At transform boundaries, _______ stress pushes tectonic plates in opposite directions. Earthquakes tend to be relatively shallow.

A

Shear

18
Q

A _________ is a series of extremely long waves that can travel across the ocean at speeds of up to
800 km/h.

A

Tsunami

19
Q

As plates of the ___________ move, the stress on rocks at or near the edges of the plates increases. This stress causes faults to form.

A

Lithosphere

20
Q

are vibrations that cause different types of ground motion.

A

Seismic waves

21
Q

The strength of an earthquake is based on the energy that is released as rocks break and return to an __________ shape.

A

Undeformed

22
Q

There are two kinds of seismic waves:

A

Body waves and surface waves

23
Q

seismic waves that travel through Earth’s interior. They are further divided into P waves and S waves.

A

Body waves

24
Q

can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. They cause rock to move back and forth in the direction the wave is traveling.

A

P waves

25
Q

also called shear waves or secondary waves, move rock from side to side. They cannot travel through completely liquid parts of Earth

A

S waves

26
Q

produce two types of ground motion: up-and-down and back-and-forth.

A

Surface waves

27
Q

In the S-P time method, scientists use the lag time between P and S waves to determine how far the waves have traveled from the ____________.

A

Epicenter

28
Q

In a process called _________, the epicenter can be located by drawing circles around at least three seismometer stations on a map.

A

Triangulation

29
Q

Ground motion can be used to calculate ________, the measure of energy released by an earthquake.

A

Magnitude

30
Q

The _________ scale measures the ground motion from an earthquake to find the earthquake’s strength.

A

Ritcher

31
Q

Earthquake strength is also measured by the ______ which is more accurate for large earthquakes than the Richter scale is.

A

Moment magnitude scale

32
Q

The effects of an earthquake and how the earthquake is felt by people are known as the earthquake’s

A

Intensity

33
Q

The _________ scale is used to describe an earthquake’s intensity. Intensity values are usually highest near the epicenter.

A

Modified merclli scale

34
Q

Four factors determine the effects of an earthquake:

A

magnitude, local geology, distance from the epicenter, and type of construction used.

35
Q

When water-saturated soil or sediment is shaken by seismic waves, the soil and sediment particles become completely surrounded by water. This process is called .

A

liquefaction

36
Q

The more energy a surface wave carries, the _______ the ground motion will be and the more damage the wave will cause.

A

Stronger

37
Q

Are you going to get an 80+ on this quiz ?

A

Maybe

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