Earthquakes

Question 1

ground movements that occur when blocks of rock in Earth move suddenly and release energy.

Answer 1

Earthquakes

Question 2

energy is released as ___________ that cause the ground to move.

Answer 2

Seismic waves

Question 3

a place within Earth along a fault where the first motion of an earthquake occur

Answer 3

Focus

Question 4

The place on Earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the

Answer 4

Epicenter

Question 5

Seismic waves flow _________ from the focus in all directions.

Answer 5

Outward

Question 6

Most earthquakes occur near a _______, which is where two or more tectonic plates meet.

Answer 6

tectonic plate boundary

Question 7

The release of energy that accompanies the movement of rock along a fault causes an _________.

Answer 7

Earthquake

Question 8

Stress on the rock causes __________, which is the process by which the rock becomes deformed and changes shape.

Answer 8

Deformation

Question 9

As the stress on rock increases, the energy stored in it ____________.

Answer 9

Increases

Question 10

When the stress is released, the rock may return to its _________ shape

Answer 10

Original shapes

Question 11

When rock returns to nearly the same shape after the stress is removed, the process is called

Answer 11

Elastic deformation

Question 12

The return of rock to its original shape after elastic deformation is called

Answer 12

Elastic rebound

Question 13

Most earthquakes happen at or near .

Answer 13

Tectonic plate boundaries

Question 14

There are three main types of tectonic plate boundaries:

Answer 14

divergent, convergent, and transform

Question 15

At divergent boundaries, __________ stress causes normal faults to form. Earthquakes tend to be shallow because the crust is thin.

Answer 15

Tension

Question 16

At convergent boundaries, rock is squeezed, and the stress is called __________. Reverse faults are formed, and earthquakes can be strong and deep.

Answer 16

Compression

Question 17

At transform boundaries, _______ stress pushes tectonic plates in opposite directions. Earthquakes tend to be relatively shallow.

Answer 17

Shear

Question 18

A _________ is a series of extremely long waves that can travel across the ocean at speeds of up to
800 km/h.

Answer 18

Tsunami

Question 19

As plates of the ___________ move, the stress on rocks at or near the edges of the plates increases. This stress causes faults to form.

Answer 19

Lithosphere

Question 20

are vibrations that cause different types of ground motion.

Answer 20

Seismic waves

Question 21

The strength of an earthquake is based on the energy that is released as rocks break and return to an __________ shape.

Answer 21

Undeformed

Question 22

There are two kinds of seismic waves:

Answer 22

Body waves and surface waves

Question 23

seismic waves that travel through Earth’s interior. They are further divided into P waves and S waves.

Answer 23

Body waves

Question 24

can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. They cause rock to move back and forth in the direction the wave is traveling.

Answer 24

P waves

Question 25

also called shear waves or secondary waves, move rock from side to side. They cannot travel through completely liquid parts of Earth

Answer 25

S waves

Question 26

produce two types of ground motion: up-and-down and back-and-forth.

Answer 26

Surface waves

Question 27

In the S-P time method, scientists use the lag time between P and S waves to determine how far the waves have traveled from the ____________.

Answer 27

Epicenter

Question 28

In a process called _________, the epicenter can be located by drawing circles around at least three seismometer stations on a map.

Answer 28

Triangulation

Question 29

Ground motion can be used to calculate ________, the measure of energy released by an earthquake.

Answer 29

Magnitude

Question 30

The _________ scale measures the ground motion from an earthquake to find the earthquake’s strength.

Answer 30

Ritcher

Question 31

Earthquake strength is also measured by the ______ which is more accurate for large earthquakes than the Richter scale is.

Answer 31

Moment magnitude scale

Question 32

The effects of an earthquake and how the earthquake is felt by people are known as the earthquake’s

Answer 32

Intensity

Question 33

The _________ scale is used to describe an earthquake’s intensity. Intensity values are usually highest near the epicenter.

Answer 33

Modified merclli scale

Question 34

Four factors determine the effects of an earthquake:

Answer 34

magnitude, local geology, distance from the epicenter, and type of construction used.

Question 35

When water-saturated soil or sediment is shaken by seismic waves, the soil and sediment particles become completely surrounded by water. This process is called .

Answer 35

liquefaction

Question 36

The more energy a surface wave carries, the _______ the ground motion will be and the more damage the wave will cause.

Answer 36

Stronger

Question 37

Are you going to get an 80+ on this quiz ?

Answer 37

Maybe