Earthquakes Flashcards
Describe primary waves
Compressional, travel in direction of travel, fast speed
Describe secondary waves
Wavy motion, direction is perpendicular to travel, 1/2 speed of p waves, don’t travel through liquid.
Describe Rayleigh waves
Revolving motion
Describe transverse waves
Piston up and down motion
Describe longitudinal waves
Sideways motion
What are the 3 types of faults that can cause earthquakes and describe their motion?
Normal (Falling wall)
Reverse ( Upthrust of wall)
Strike-Slip (Sideways thrust)
What factors affect earthquake impact severity?
Magnitude, focus, geology, buildings, population density, preparation
What are some secondary impacts of earthquakes?
Liquefaction, landslides, tsunamis, human damage
What are the only two things that are likely to cause a significant tsunami?
Meteorite & Convergent plate boundary
Outline the characteristics of tsunamis
Long wavelength, low height, fast (800kmh)
What is the case study for a tsunami?
Indian Ocean (2004)
What was the cause of the earthquake that caused the Indian Ocean tsunami?
9.1 magnitude earthquake along the quick release of pressure of the Eurasian Plate from the Indo- Australian plate
How many countries were affected by the earthquake & name 3
14 Sumatra, India, South Africa
What were 4 impacts of the Indian Ocean tsunami?
300,000 deaths
$5 Billion cost
1.7 million homeless
3 million litres of oil lost
What were 3 responses to the Indian Ocean tsunami?
GB public gave £330m
5 million relocated
$20 million tsunami warning system