Earthquakes Flashcards

1
Q

Describe primary waves

A

Compressional, travel in direction of travel, fast speed

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2
Q

Describe secondary waves

A

Wavy motion, direction is perpendicular to travel, 1/2 speed of p waves, don’t travel through liquid.

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3
Q

Describe Rayleigh waves

A

Revolving motion

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4
Q

Describe transverse waves

A

Piston up and down motion

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5
Q

Describe longitudinal waves

A

Sideways motion

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of faults that can cause earthquakes and describe their motion?

A

Normal (Falling wall)
Reverse ( Upthrust of wall)
Strike-Slip (Sideways thrust)

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7
Q

What factors affect earthquake impact severity?

A

Magnitude, focus, geology, buildings, population density, preparation

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8
Q

What are some secondary impacts of earthquakes?

A

Liquefaction, landslides, tsunamis, human damage

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9
Q

What are the only two things that are likely to cause a significant tsunami?

A

Meteorite & Convergent plate boundary

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10
Q

Outline the characteristics of tsunamis

A

Long wavelength, low height, fast (800kmh)

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11
Q

What is the case study for a tsunami?

A

Indian Ocean (2004)

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12
Q

What was the cause of the earthquake that caused the Indian Ocean tsunami?

A

9.1 magnitude earthquake along the quick release of pressure of the Eurasian Plate from the Indo- Australian plate

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13
Q

How many countries were affected by the earthquake & name 3

A

14 Sumatra, India, South Africa

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14
Q

What were 4 impacts of the Indian Ocean tsunami?

A

300,000 deaths
$5 Billion cost
1.7 million homeless
3 million litres of oil lost

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15
Q

What were 3 responses to the Indian Ocean tsunami?

A

GB public gave £330m
5 million relocated
$20 million tsunami warning system

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