Earthquakes

Question 1

seismograph

Answer 1

an instrument that records earthquakes

Question 2

seismogram

Answer 2

recording of earthquake activity

Question 3

primary wave

Answer 3

first wave of energy

COMPRESSION-LONGITUDE WAVE

Question 4

secondary wave

Answer 4

second wave of energy

TRANSVERSE-SIDE TO SIDE

Question 5

liquefaction

Answer 5

process in which wet sediment behaves like a liquid

Question 6

epicenter

Answer 6

point of earth’s surface directly above the focus

Question 7

focus (hypocenter)

Answer 7

point in earth’s interior where the energy release occurs

Question 8

magnitude

Answer 8

measure of the amount of energy released

Question 9

tsunami

Answer 9

water wave created by underwater land motion

Question 10

fault

Answer 10

boundary line

Question 11

amplitude

Answer 11

the distance above or below a midline

Question 12

frequency

Answer 12

the distance between crests or troughs

Question 13

crest

Answer 13

top of wave

Question 14

trough

Answer 14

bottom of wave

Question 15

intensity

Answer 15

amount of damage done

Question 16

Richter Scale

Answer 16

rating system for magnitude

Question 17

Mercalli Scale

Answer 17

rating system for intensity

Question 18

is s wave faster or slower

Answer 18

slower

Question 19

is p wave faster or slower

Answer 19

faster

Question 20

is s wave more or less destructive

Answer 20

more

Question 21

is p wave more or less destructive

Answer 21

less

Question 22

each mark on a seismogram represents…

Answer 22

minutes. they’re called minute marks.

Question 23

what kind of damage can earthquakes do

Answer 23

• raise/lower lands

- cause buildings to flatten (pancake)

Question 24

what causes earthquakes?

Answer 24

large and sudden releases of energy

Question 25

how is energy released to create earthquakes?

Answer 25

when movement occurs along large “cracks” in the earth’s outer layer

Question 26

which earthquake is the most violent ever recorded?

Answer 26

the alaska earthquake of 1964 in prince william sound, near valdez, alaska, on march 27th 1964 was recorded in bellingham, washington.

Question 27

what kinds of things can result from earthquakes?

Answer 27

• landslides

- tsunamis

Question 28

what are some reasons few people die in particular earthquakes?

Answer 28

• low population in damage area
• tide was low = tsunami effects not as great
• holiday

Question 29

why isnt the location of s and p waves enough information to pinpoint to exact location of earthquakes?

Answer 29

earthquake waves do not follow one path. they move outward in all directions in a circle around the epicenter

Question 30

each increase in a magnitude number on the richter scale represents how much of an increase in amplitude?

Answer 30

10 times as much amplitude.

ex. magnitude 6 earthquake has an amplitude 10 times greater than magnitude 5 earthquake and 100 times greater than magnitude 4 earthquake

Question 31

what are some factors that affect intensity?

Answer 31

• distance an area is from epicenter
• depth of earthquake
• population density of area affected by earthquake
• local geology of area
• type of building construction in area
• duration of shaking
• magnitude

Question 32

seismology

Answer 32

study of earthquakes