EARTHQUAKES Flashcards

1
Q

what are the methods of protection for a earthquake

A

buildings designed to be earthquake restriant

fire prevention - cutting gas

education - practise drills in schools , offices and factories

insurance

lannd use planning

aid

emergency services

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2
Q

what are primary impacts from seismic hazards

A

ground shaking causes :

buildings collapsed
power outage
roads and railway damage
water and gas lines damaged
schools destroyed
immediate loss of life
injuries

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3
Q

secondary impacts of a earthquake

A

landslides and avalanches

tsunamis

fires from gas leaks

soil liquefaction

effects on people and build environment

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4
Q

predicting seismic hazards

A

very difficult to predict

regions are risk are identified

attempts to predict seismic hazards by monitoring water levels

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5
Q

what ideas are there about preventing seismic hazards

A

almost impossible
studies done to prevent plates from sliding past each other

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6
Q

what are the 2 methods of protection

A

mitigation and adaptation

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7
Q

what does mitigation mean

A

make the impact of the earthquake smaller

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8
Q

what does adaption mean

A

making adaptions to lifestyles to reduce the impact of a earthquake

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9
Q

how does plate movements cause earthquakes

A

slow build up of stress within rocks

when pressure is released parts of the surface experience intense shaking

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10
Q

what is the focus

A

the point at which pressure is released in the earthquake

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11
Q

what is the epicentre

A

the point immediately above the focus on the earths surface

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12
Q

how are earthquakes meseaured

A

Richter scale

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13
Q

what is soil liquefaction

A

when the soil is violently shaken , soils with high water content loose strength and behave like liquid

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14
Q

what are landslides and avalanches

A

slope failure as result of ground shaking

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15
Q

tsunamis

A

giant sea waves made by shallow focus underwater earthquakes

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16
Q

fires in response to a earthquake

A

result from broken glass pipes and collapsed electricity transmission system

17
Q

what are the defects on people and environment from earthquakes

A

collapsed buildings, destruction of roads and forms of communications

electricity and gas shortage

flooding

disease outbreaks

food shortage

18
Q

what are 8 methods of protection from seismic hazards

A

land use planning

hazard restraint structures

education

land use planning

insurance

fire prevention

aid

emergency services

tsunami protection

19
Q

expand hazard resistant structures

A

building designed to be earthquake resistant

rubber shock absorbers in foundations

add cross bracing

20
Q

expand on education as a protection method

A

in many places the main way deaths are li fitted are when authorities give instructions

children have earthquake drills in schools and well as people in offices

21
Q

expand land use planning as a protection method

A

hazardous land can be identified and regulated
certain buildings should be put in low risk areas

22
Q

expand on insurance as a protection method

A

richer areas , people are encouraged to take out insurance to cover loses

23
Q

fire prevention as a protection method

A

smart metres cut gas is a sufficient magnitude is reached

24
Q

aid as a protection method

A

aid to poorer countries has generally been to help in the days after the event

medical service , tents and water purification , search and rescuers

25
emergency services as method of protection
heavy lifting gear needs to be available as well as people given first aid training
26
tsunami protection
cannot be entirely predicted but systems can be put in place to produce warning systems pacific warning system is in hawaii