Earthquake Flashcards
Name and identify key features of the four layers of the earth.
Crust, Mantle, Inner Core, Outer Core
What is the difference between oceanic and continental crust?
Oceanic Crust is the ocean, continental crust is the land
What is the difference between a tectonic plate and plate boundary?
A tectonic plate is the crust, a plate boundary is where tectonic plates meet
How do convection currents work?
These plates move due to convection currents in the mantle . Heat from the core makes magma in the mantle rise towards the crust. As the hot current nears the crust, it begins to cool and sink back towards the core. As the magma sinks, it drags the plates across the surface of the Earth.
Describe the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes?
They are usually on the edges of tectonic plates
What is the Pacific ‘Ring of Fire’?
It is a ring of volcanoes around the pacific ocean
What happens at a CONVERGENT (destructive) plate boundary?
When two plates shift towards each other
What happens at a DIVERGENT (constructive) plate boundary?
When two plates shift away from each other
What happens at a CONSERVATIVE plate boundary?
When two plates slide past each other
How are earthquakes measured?
Using a seismometer
What are the features of an earthquake proof building?
Aerodynamic shape, deep foundations, rubber base, metal bars in the windows
How do they help during an earthquake? (earthquake proof buildings)
They keep the building still and reduce the energy flowing through the building
HAITI (LEDC):
Why were they vulnerable?
They didn’t have any practice when there is an earthquake and they didn’t know how to predict earthquakes
HAITI (LEDC):
How did they prepare?
They didn’t
HAITI (LEDC):
What were the impacts?
Mass destruction, homeless people, 316k people dead
HAITI (LEDC):
How did they respond?
They weren’t able to
JAPAN (MEDC):
Why were they vulnerable?
Because they were on an island and they were on a plate boundary
JAPAN (MEDC):
How did they prepare?
They had high tech lasers which predicted earthquakes and they studied what to do in an earthquake. They also made earthquake proof buildings.
JAPAN (MEDC):
What were the impacts?
17k dead/presumed missing
Tsunami
Buildings damaged
Homeless
Chemical plants destroyed
JAPAN (MEDC):
How did they respond?
Helicopter Search and Rescue
Army helped
Aid
Repaired quickly
Seawalls built higher
Name the features of a volcano?
Lava
Layers of lava and ash
Magma Chamber
Eruption
Vent
Conduit
Which features are dangerous? (of a volcano)
Lava and Eruption Cloud
Why? (are the features of a volcano dangerous)
They can burn and destroy homes (Lava)
Eruption cloud can burn and suffocate you and give you pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcaniosis (Eruption Cloud)
Name and explain the four main reasons why people continue to live near volcanoes despite the risks
Geothermal Energy: create electricity and heat up homes
Tourism: Create hot springs and geysers which attract tourists
Agriculture: Contain rich soil which can be used for farming
Mining: Lava deep in the Earth contain gold, silver, diamond, and more
