EARTHQUAKE

Question 1

is a natural phenomenon that is characterized by sudden, violent shifting of massive plates underneath the Earth’s surface.

Answer 1

EARTHQUAKE

Question 2

What is hypocenter (focus)?

Answer 2

A point within the Earth were the earthquake originates

Question 3

The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus is called?

Answer 3

The epicenter.

Question 4

What is produced when the hypocenter is located near the surface, from 0-70km?

Answer 4

Deep shallow-focus earthquakes

Question 5

What is produced If it is intermediate or located approximately 70-700 km?

Answer 5

Deep-focus earthquakes

Question 6

What is a Fault?

Answer 6

These are crack across which rocks have been offset first.
They are fracture on the Earth’s crust where rocks on
either side have slid or pass each other

Question 7

What are the part of a Fault?

Answer 7

Fault Plane, Fault trace, Hanging wall, Footwall

Question 8

Classification of Faults

Answer 8

Normal Fault, Reverse Fault and Strike-Slip Fault

Question 9

WHAT ARE SEISMIC WAVES?

Answer 9

Seismic waves are caused by the sudden movement of materials within the Earth, such as slipping along a fault during an earthquake.

Question 10

What does seismologist studies?

Answer 10

they try to determine factors that contribute to or foretell an earthquake.

Question 11

SEISMIC WAVES in a short description. (own way)

Answer 11

Seismic waves are categorized into two: Body waves and Surface waves. Body waves have two types P waves and S waves. Surface Waves have two types: Love waves and Rayleigh waves.

Question 12

It is a seismic wave that moves through the interior of the earth. There are two types: Compressional or Primary Waves (P waves) and Shear or Secondary Waves (S waves)

Answer 12

BODY WAVES

Question 13

It travels fastest at a speed from 4 to 8 km per second (km/s) at the Earth’s crust, hence they are the first to arrive at a location.

Answer 13

P waves

Question 14

It usually travels at approximately 2.5-4 km per second (km/s) and can only travel through solid materials, unlike the P waves which can move through all states of matter.

Answer 14

S waves

Question 15

It is a seismic wave that is trapped near the surface of the earth. typically generated when the source of the earthquake is close to the
Earth’s surface.

Answer 15

SURFACE WAVES

Question 16

move transverse to the direction of the propagation but with no vertical motion. They cause rocks to move horizontally or side to side at a right angle to the direction of the traveling wave.

Answer 16

LOVE WAVES

Question 17

Also called ground roll, cause rock particles to move upward, up, backward and down in a path that contains the direction of the wave travel.

Answer 17

RAYLEIGH WAVES

Question 18

measures size of the earthquake, called ________. is determined using the
seismic waves created by the earthquake.

Answer 18

Magnitude

Question 19

Locating an earthquake seismologists use a _______ for this data. With this, triangulation becomes possible to locate the earthquake. The epicenter is the point where the 3 circles intersect.

Answer 19

Travel time chart

Question 20

Guiseppe Mercali (1902)

Answer 20

he developed the scale using the observations of the people who experienced the earthquakes to estimate. Its intensity, which is why
on its own, it was not considered scientific

Question 21

Charles F. Richter (1934)

Answer 21

He was able to scientifically calculate the the magnitude of earthquake. He used the distance between the earthquake and the seismograph and amplitude of the largest recorded seismic wave.

Question 22

They both introduced the Moment Magnitude Scale
(MMS). Here, the total energy content of the seismic waves is determined by computer analysis and corrected for the distance between the earthquake and the seismograph.

Answer 22

Thomas C. Hanks & Hiroo Kanamori (1979)