earth2

Question 1

Lithosphere

Answer 1

the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

Question 2

Asthenosphere

Answer 2

the upper layer of the earth’s mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur

Question 3

Mesosphere

Answer 3

The mesosphere is a layer of Earth’s atmosphere. The mesosphere is directly above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere.

Question 4

Inner Core

Answer 4

Inner Core: The innermost part of Earth is the core and is about 1500 miles (2414 km) thick. Both the inner and outer cores consist primarily of iron and nickel

Question 5

Outer Core

Answer 5

Outer Core The outer core, about 2,200 kilometers (1,367 miles) thick, is mostly composed of liquid iron and nickel.

Question 6

Seismic Waves

Answer 6

an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means.

Question 7

Oceanic Crust

Answer 7

oceanic crust, the outermost layer of Earth’s lithosphere that is found under the oceans and formed at spreading centres on oceanic ridges, which occur at divergent plate boundaries.

Question 8

Continental Crust

Answer 8

continental crust, the outermost layer of Earth’s lithosphere that makes up the planet’s continents and continental shelves and is formed near subduction zones at plate boundaries between continental and oceanic tectonic plates. The continental crust forms nearly all of Earth’s land surface

Question 9

Density

Answer 9

density, mass of a unit volume of a material substance. The formula for density is d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume. Density is commonly expressed in units of grams per cubic centimetre

Question 10

Alfred Wegener

Answer 10

Alfred Lothar Wegener was a German climatologist, geologist, geophysicist, meteorologist, and polar researcher.

Question 11

Continental Drift

Question 12

Convergent Boundary

Answer 12

A convergent boundary is an area on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. One plate eventually slides beneath the other, a process known as subduction. The subduction zone can be defined by a plane where many earthquakes occur, called the Wadati–Benioff zone

Question 13

Divergent Boundary

Answer 13

In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. Divergent boundaries within continents initially produce rifts, which eventually become rift valleys.

Question 14

Transform Boundary

Answer 14

Both plates are capped by oceanic crust. On the east, the North American Plate is subducting westward, forming volcanoes of the Lesser Antilles

Question 15

Sea-floor Spreading

Answer 15

Seafloor spreading is a geologic process in which tectonic plates—large slabs of Earth’s lithosphere—split apart from each other. Seafloor spreading and other tectonic activity processes are the result of mantle convection. Mantle convection is the slow, churning motion of Earth’s mantle.

Question 16

Pangaea

Answer 16

From about 300-200 million years ago (late Paleozoic Era until the very late Triassic), the continent we now know as North America was contiguous with Africa, South America, and Europe. They all existed as a single continent called Pangea.

Question 17

Laurasia

Answer 17

Laurasia was the more northern of two large landmasses that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent from around 335 to 175 million years ago, the other being Gondwana.

Question 18

Gondwana

Answer 18

Gondwana was a large landmass, often referred to as a supercontinent, that formed during the late Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago)

Question 19

Mesosaurus

Answer 19

Mesosaurus is an extinct genus of reptile from the Early Permian of southern Africa and South America. Along with it, the genera Brazilosaurus and Stereosternum, it is a member of the family Mesosauridae and the order Mesosauria.

Question 20

Glossopteris

Answer 20

Glossopteris [etymology: from Ancient Greek γλῶσσα + πτερίς ] is the largest and best-known genus of the extinct Permian order of seed ferns known as Glossopteridales. The genus Glossopteris refers only to leaves, within a framework of form genera used in paleobotany.