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EEPS 110 > Earth Systems & Structure > Flashcards

Earth Systems & Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What produces when systems interact with one another?

A

climates and environments at Earth’s surface

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2
Q

What are the five major Earth systems?

A
  • atmosphere
  • biosphere
  • hydrosphere
  • pedosphere
  • geosphere
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3
Q

What does the atmosphere consist of?

A

air

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4
Q

What does the biosphere consist of?

A

living organisms (all life on earth)

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5
Q

What does the hydrosphere consist of?

A

water vapor, streams, lakes, groundwater, and ice

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6
Q

What does the pedosphere consist of?

A

weathered and broken particles of rock capped soil

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7
Q

What does the geosphere consist of?

A

Earth’s rocky crust & mantle & metallic core

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8
Q

What is a system?

A

a group of interrelated and interacting objects and phenomena

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9
Q

What are two things that systems consist of?

A

reservoirs and fluxes

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10
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

the supply of matter or energy within a system

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11
Q

What is a stock?

A

the mount of matter or energy a reservoir holds

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12
Q

What are fluxes?

A

movements of material and energy among reservoirs

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13
Q

What are the different types of systems?

A
  • open system
  • closed system
  • isolated system
  • dynamic system
  • static system
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14
Q

What is an open system?

A

a system that allows both matters and energy to flow in and out

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15
Q

What is the most common type of system found in nature?

A

open systems

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16
Q

What is a closed system?

A

a system that allows change of energy but not matter across its boundaries

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17
Q

What is the most general example of a closed system?

A

Earth

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18
Q

What is an isolated system?

A

a system that has no interactions with their surroundings and allows neither energy nor matter to cross

19
Q

Is there a system on Earth that is isolated and if so, what is an example of that system?

A

no system on Earth is isolated

20
Q

What is a dynamic system?

A

a system that changes over time due to energy inputs

21
Q

What is a static system?

A

a system with no changes

22
Q

What is an example of a static system?

A

the Moon

23
Q

What is energy?

A

the ability to do work when a force is applied

24
Q

Is energy a system?

A

YES

25
Q

What is a process?

A

the manner in which changes to a system occur

26
Q

What are examples of processes?

A

formation (tectonic plates), volcanism, and flooding

27
Q
A
28
Q

What is a non-steady-state system?

A

flow rates change over time

29
Q

What are the two types of system changes?

A

oscillatory changes and increasing growth rate

30
Q

What is an oscillatory change?

A

…

31
Q

What is increasing growth rate?

A

population growth

32
Q

Linear growth of system:

A

inflows and outflows have fixed values

33
Q

Exponential growth of system:

A

inflow based on the amount of material in reservoir

34
Q

What are the two feedback in Earth Systems?

A

reinforcing and balancing

35
Q

What is reinforcing feedback?

A

a process that promotes further change in the same direction the system is moving as it evolves

36
Q

What is destabilizing?

A

promoting a cascade of events that propels the system toward accelerating change

37
Q

What is balancing feedback?

A

a process that causes effects that ends to reverse the direction of change

38
Q

What is stabilizing?

A

counteracting the effect of the initial event and help to regulate the system in a steady state

39
Q

What is the lithosphere’s composition?

A

mostly oxygen and silicon

40
Q

What is the pesosphere’s composition?

A

nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon-rich organic matter

41
Q

What is the hydrosphere’s composition?

A

oxygen and hydrogen

42
Q

What is the atmosphere’s composition?

A

oxygen and nitrogen

43
Q

What is the biosphere’s composition?

A

oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon

EEPS 110 (8 decks)

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