Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Science > Earth Science Term 1 2025 > Flashcards

Earth Science Term 1 2025 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

C O2 + H2 O >(sunlight) O2 + C6 H12 O6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the word equation for respiration?

A

C6 H12 O6 + O2 > C O2 + H2 O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

A

C6 H12 O6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is C O2?

A

Carbon Dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the chemical formula for oxygen?

A

O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is H2 O?

A

Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the inputs of Photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the inputs of respiration?

A

Glucose and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What goes on the x-axis of a graph?

A

Independent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What goes on the y-axis on a graph?

A

Dependent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are xylem?

A

The tubes inside the stems and trunks of leaves and plants that transports water from the roots of the plant to the rest of it. They are connected to stomata and help with the taking in of CO2 and H2O, also the releasing of C6H12O6 and O2 for photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are stomata?

A

Theyare trapdoors on the underside of a leaf. They suck in CO2 and H2O for them to be used in photosynthesis. They then release the O2 and C6H12O6 from photosynthesis. They are opened and closed by guard cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

It is the chemical responsible for photosynthesis and is stored inside the chloroplasts in a plant. Needs sunlight to change the carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

And organelle inside a cell. It houses chlorophyll, the chemical responsible for photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is glucose?

A

Glucose (C6H12O6), is a food source for all living organisms. Every living thing needs it, whether is be animals, plants or humans. Green plants that go through photosynthesis are the only organism that can creae this food source. Everything else relies on ingesting plants, or the animals that eat plants to gain this glucose. It can be broken down and reused many times through photosynthesis and respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is on each side of a chemical equation?

A

REACTANTS > PRODUCTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

An exothermic reation is one where heat is expelled or coming out of the reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an example of exothermic reactions?

A

A fire (combustion/burning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

A reaction where heat is taken in, from the surrounding space around the reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an example of an endothermic reaction?

A

Photosythesis (the plant absorbs the sunlight around them), evaporating liquids and melting ice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the three parts in a fire triangle?

A

Heat, fuel.food and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens when you eliminate one part of the fire triangle?

A

The fire will most likely stop and it needs all three to burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does a fire extinguisher work?

A

It uses a cold power that is sprayed at the fire. The power prevents more oxygen from getting in and also cools the heat, eliminating 2 sides of the fire triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is incomplete combusion?

A

Incomplete combusion is when a fuel burns without enough oxygen. The fire then starts producing carbon monoxide and soot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What colour flame does incomplete combustion have and why?
The flame normally burns yellow - although not scientifically proven. This is as the soot produced gets into the flame.
26
What is the chemical formula for carbon monoxide
CO (not enough oxygen - carbon dioxide)
27
What is carbon monoxide?
A colourless, odorless and poisonous gas prduced by incomplete combustion
28
What is complete combustion?
Complete combustion happens when the fire triangle is balanced out and there is enough oxygen to produce carbon dioxide
29
What colour flame does complete combustion have and why?
It burns blue as the sufficient oxygen allows the fuel to burn cleanly.
30
What are Earths four spheres?
Lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere
31
What is the lithosphere?
The lithosphere is the rigid, rocky outer layer of Earth including the crust and upper part of the mantle. This sphere is broken down into tectonic plates beneith the surface of the Earth.
32
What is the biosphere?
The biosphere is comprised of all living things - plants, animals, humans and all organisms.
33
What is the hydrosphere?
The hydrosphere is all of the water on Earth. In the ocean, lakes, seas, rivers, streams, puddles etc.
34
What is the atmosphere?
The layer of gases, such as oxygen, surrounding the Earth and pulled in by gravity.
35
What is limestone?
Limestone is a sedimentary rock primarily composed of calcium carbonate (calcite), often containing fossilized remains (shells), and is used in building materials.
36
What is a volcanic eruption interactions of?
The lithosphere and the atmosphere. The eruption releases gases into the atmosphere and may even spew lava into the air
37
What is the erosion interactions of?
The lithosphere and the hydrosphere. The water crashes into the land adn erodes it away.
38
What are organisms depending on the Earth interactions of?
The lithosphere and the biosphere. For example humans mining minerals and coal for their use.
39
What is the carbon cycle interations of?
The biosphere and the atmosphere. The carbon travels from the atmosphere through living organisms, back into the atmosphere.
40
What is the water cycle an interaction of?
The biosphere, the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. The water can move through the air through evaporation, and then condesnation to pass through plants and animals, then back into the ocean and other hydrosphere places.
41
What is the Greenhouse Effect?
The Greenhouse Effect is the natural heat trapping process by the Earth. Sun reflects on to the Earth, some of the those rays re absorbed by the Earth, others are thrown back out into space. That absorbed sunlight is turned into heat which travels up into our atmosphere. A little of it escapes, while a lot of it is trapped by the natural greehouse gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, water vapour, and nitrous oxide.
42
What is the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect?
The Enhanced Greehouse Effect is the Greenhouse Effect, plus what humans have done. The Enhanced Greehouse Effect is what is going on now, with humans creating more CO2 and other atmospheric pollutants, they stay in the atmosphere, creating a thicker barrier, and making it hard for extra and unwanted heat to escape into space. This is what is causing Global Warming, as this heat can't escape. If humans hadn't interfeared with the natural balance of Earth, there would be no Global Warming or Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
43
What is the difference of the Greehouse and Enhanced Greenhouse Effects?
The Greehouse Effect is Earth natural balance and process to keep the right amount of heat surrounding the Earth. The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect is all of the extra greenhouse gases hu,ans are producing and putting into the atmosphere, creating less heat escaping and more Global Warming.
44
What do photosynthesis and repiration have to do with the carbon cycle?
They are what make up the carbon cycle. Turning the carbon over through those two processes over and over again.
45
What is the carbon cycle?
The carbon starts out in the atmosphere > photosynthesis makes then turn into oxygen > animals and humans breathe in the oxygen and perform respiration > the carbon is then released back into the atmosphere.
46
What is nitrous oxide?
Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas in our atmosphere. Its chemical formula is N2O, and is a colourless gas with a slightly sweet smell and taste - also known a laughing gas.
47
What is climate?
The average temperature, wind, cloud cover and rainfall over a long time - at least 10 years.
48
What is weather?
The current temperature, wind, cloud cover and rain fall. Current as in happening currently or fairly recently, e.g last week.
49
How does the Greenhouse Effect sustain life on Earth?
It helps to maintain a stable and livable temperature for all life on Earth. This temperature helps to keep animals alive, plants growing, ice solid and oceans cool.
50
What does fossil fuel combustion have to do with the carbon cycle?
When fossil fuels such as coal are burned, they release carbon dioxide and methane which were previously stored in them. These then travel up into the atmosphere. The carbon can then enter the carbon cycle through photosynthesis, turning into oxygen where it can be then turned back into carbon through respiration.
51
What is PEAT?
Peat is a naturally occurring, spongy material formed by the partial decomposition of organic matter, primarily plant material, in waterlogged, oxygen-deficient environments like bogs, swamps, and fens (a kind of swamp).
52
What are Chlorfluorocarbons (CFC)?
Molocules made up of chloride, floride and carbon. They were a dangerous molocule that caused thinning in the ozone layer. This is as the thinning lead to a lot of sun cancer and death. There is only produced in one place in the world now.
53
What is the ozone layer?
The ozone layer filters ultraviolet light in the atmosphere. Ultra violet light helps to cool the Earth and prevent sun cancer. It is the middle layer of the atmosphere. Without the ozone layer, the Earth will get a lot hotter, crops will die, no one will go outside, otherewise sun cancer will skyrocket, causing lots of death.
54
What is a cyclone?
A cyclone is a circle of fast winds all working together, typically over warm ocean. They can come in serveral different severness catagories. When they reach land they tend to slow down and stop.
54
How is a cyclone created?
As air rises from warm sea (over 26.5 degrees), air pressure drops, and the surrounding air comes to fill in the space. They don't go straight inwards, but instead curve. This curve starts the cyclone as more air from high pressure areas is sucked into low pressure areas. The center of a cyclone is called the eye and has no wind. Above the equator, the air spins anticlockwise, and below is spins clockwise.
55
What is condensation?
The vapour turning into and forming clouds
55
What is evaporation?
Where the sun heats up water, causing the vapour to rise up into the atmosphere
56
What is precipitation?
When the water in clouds condenses and into water droplets to fall to the ground as rain, hail, sleet or snow
56
What is transpiration?
Water moving along and through plants into the atmosphere
57
What is a run-off?
Water falls to the ground and moves along the ground in a run-off, like a small stream of water
58
What is percolation?
When the water on the surface travels through soil underground.

Science (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions