Earth Science Mock Exam

Question 1

The process in which the parts of the rocks break down and dissolve into the Earth’s surface.

Answer 1

Weathering

Question 2

What is this process called if the eroded sediments are transported from one place to another?

Answer 2

Erosion

Question 3

What and whose principle states; “The youngest rock must be on top, and the oldest one should be on the bottom.”?

Answer 3

Nicholas Steno’s Principle of Superposition

Question 4

Give the five (5) factors included in the process of Erosion

Answer 4

Wind, Water, Glaciers, and Gravity

Question 5

What are the six (6) types of weathering?

Answer 5

Physical/Mechanical Weathering, Wind and Water Abrasion, Frost & Salt Abrasion, Unloading and Exfoliation, Chemical Weathering, and Biological Weathering.

Question 6

What is Relative Dating

Answer 6

Used by geologists that involves comparing two materials to determine relative order.

Question 7

How about Absolute Dating? What is the other term for this?

Answer 7

A.K.A Numerical dating, Absolute dating is the process in which geologists determine the numerical age of each material being assessed.

Question 8

Give me the methods used in relative dating.

Answer 8

Stratigraphy, Biostratigraphy, Cross-dating

Question 9

Explain stratigraphy.

Answer 9

Assumes that the top most layer is the youngest and the lowest layer is the oldest. One of the most used techniques.

Question 10

Biostratigraphy?

Answer 10

Almost the same with Steno’s principle of superposition or stratigraphy but mainly focuses on the biological remains. This technique involves using faunal deposits to establishing strategies in dating.

Question 11

Cross-dating

Answer 11

The technique that follows Steno’s Principle of Superposition of cross cutting in which it states that the fault cut must be younger than the rock it cut thru.

Question 12

Deposition

Answer 12

The process in which eroded sediments settle in a new place.

Question 13

Compaction

Answer 13

The Process in which sediments are compressed overtime to reduce the space between them.

Question 14

Explain Physical/Mechanical weathering

Answer 14

The type of weathering that involves having the rock’s physical structure broken down into smaller particles.

Question 15

Explain Wind and Water Abrasion

Answer 15

The process in which the particles in the wind and water collide with the rock’s surface causing the scraping of the particles.

Question 16

Frost and Salt Wedging

Answer 16

The process in which water seeps into the rock, making way for salt and or frost to create gaps within.

Question 17

Unloading and Exfoliation

Answer 17

The process of peeling away some of the rocks surface because of released pressure.

Question 18

Chemical Weathering

Answer 18

Involves breaking down the rock into its molecular chemical components.

Question 19

Biological Weathering

Answer 19

The breaking down of the rock caused by the action of living organisms.

Question 20

Unconformity

Answer 20

These are gaps in the geological record that shows missing rocks due to erosion, non-decomposition, and deformation

Question 21

angular unconformity

Answer 21

Occurs when horizontally parallel strata of sedimentary rock
are deposited on tilted or folded layers, and then eroded before the deposition of
younger strata.

Question 22

disconformity

Answer 22

Occurs when there is a break in the sedimentary rock sequence where
parallel layers of sedimentary rock are separated by erosion, but the layers
above and below the unconformity are parallel to each other.

Question 23

Nonconformity

Answer 23

Occurs when sedimentary rock rests on top of igneous or
metamorphic rock, indicating a period of uplift and erosion before the deposition of the
sedimentary layers.

Question 24

Geologic Time

Answer 24

Geologic time, is the extensive interval of
time occupied by the geologic history of
Earth. Formal geologic time begins at the
start of the Archean Eon (4.0 billion to 2.5
billion years ago) and continues to the
present day

Question 25

What are the four periods in the Geological time Scale?

Answer 25

Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

Question 26

Origin of Life

Answer 26

The earliest known life arose during the Pre Cambrian Era. All of this life existed in the world’s oceans.

Question 27

Pre-Cambrian period

Answer 27

Started about 4,600 million years ago. Accounts for 88% of Earth’s geologic time .