EARTH SCIENCE HONORS: earths motions Flashcards
geocentric model
the earth is the center of the universe
it is stationary while the other planets and then sun revolves around it
GEOCENTRIC MODEL IS NOT CORRECT
heliocentric model
the earth and the other planets rotate on thier own axis while they revolve around the sun
CORRECT
PROOFS THAT THE EARTH ROTATES:
sunrise/sunsets
Day/night
star trails (stars appear to be moving but is earth rotating)
Coriolis effect- objects curve
Foucault pendulum
Doppler effect
the distortion of a sound/light wave caused by objects moving closer together or father apart
when the earth moves towards the stars the light waves are compressed this is called _____
Blue shift
blue is the shortest wavelength
as the earth moves away from the stars light is stretched out, this is called __________
a red shift
red is one of the longest wavelengths
Tides
tides are the regular rise and fall of ocean water levels that we see on the coastline
spring tides
highest high tide occurs when the sun and moon combine gravitational forces
neap tides
lowest high tides occur when the sun and moon are pulling against each other
the earths tides are caused by the ________ of ___________ _____ _____
gravitational pull
moon & sun
when the sun and moon are lined up with the earth there combined pull is at its greatest
spring tide
when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other, their pulls on the earths ocean cancel each other out
neap tide
spring tides happen during
full/new moon
neap tides happen during
1st and 3rd quarter phases of the moon
the moons _______ is = to its period of ____________
rotation
revolution
why do we see the same side of the moon
the moons rotation speed is = to its period of revolution
it takes the moon ____ to get through all its phases
29.5 days
*1 month
the moons revolution is
counter clockwise
why don’t eclipses happen every month
the moons orbit is tilted 5 degrees
aphelion
the day of the year when the sun and earth are ferthest apart
perihelion
the day of the year when the sun and earth are closest together
apogee
when the earth and moon are farthest apart
perigee
when the earth and moon are closest together
primary
an object that is orbited by another object
eccentricity
the measure of how round an orbit is
# that represents the shape of an orbit
which object is located at one foci of the elliptical orbit
the sun
the actual geometric shape of earths orbit
ellipse
when earth is at perihelion (season)
winter
When earth is at aphelion (season)
summer
a perfect circle has the eccentricity of
0
If an orbit has an eccentricity value of “0”, what shape is it?
perfectly circular
The period of the earth’s orbit around the sun is _
1 yr
The length of an Earth day is determined by the time required for approximately one
earths rotation
which different motions allow an observer on earth to view different constellations throughout the year
earth orbitting the sun
if the distance between the earth and the sun were increased what would occur
the apparent diameter of the sun would decrease
what is the tilt of earths rotational axis relative to a line perpendicular to the plane of earths orbit
23.5
the gravitational attraction between two object in the solar system is greatest when their masses are
large, and the objects are close together
What does Kepler’s 1st Law state?
all planets move in elliptical shaped orbits around the sun
The farther away a planet is from the sun, the _______ it takes it to orbit the sun once.
longer
What is a lunar eclipse?
an eclipse in which the moon appears darkened as it passes into the earth’s shadow
What causes the moon’s phases
the amt of sunlight reflected onto the moon from the sun
Why do we always see the same side of the moon from Earth?
because it rotates and revolves at the same rate
lunar eclipse only happen during a
Full moon
solar eclipse happen only during a
new moon
which motion causes the Coriolis effect on the earth?
rotation of earth on its axis
