Earth Science

Question 1

The process by which rocks are broken down into smaller rocks by natural events is called:

Answer 1

Weathering

Question 2

What is deposition

Answer 2

Sediment, soil and rocks are added to landmass and form horizontal layers

Question 3

Erosion is best described as

Answer 3

The movement of weathered materials from one place to another

Question 4

What is chemical weathering?

Answer 4

caused by rain water reacting with the mineral grains in rocks to form new minerals (clay). These reactions occur particularly when the water is slightly acidic.

Question 5

Shale is formed

Answer 5

From fine grains deposited in calm water

Question 6

What rocks are often used as external walls of buildings?

Answer 6

Sandstone and Limestone

Question 7

What rock is formed from living things?

Answer 7

Limestone (shells and bones compressed)

Question 8

What are 4 metamorphic rocks?

Answer 8

Marble, Quartzite, Slate, Gneiss

Question 9

What are 5 igneous rocks?

Answer 9

Andesite, Basalt, Dacite, Obsidian, Pumice

Question 10

What are 3 sedimentary rocks?

Answer 10

Sandstone, Limestone, and Shale

Question 11

Rocks transformed from one type of rock into another by heat or large amounts of pressure are called

Answer 11

Metamorphic rocks

Question 12

What are sedimentary rocks?

Answer 12

Sedimentary rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms. They form from deposits that accumulate on the Earth’s surface. Sedimentary rocks often have distinctive layering or bedding.

Question 13

Rocks which form from volcanic lava flows are classified as

Answer 13

Igneous rocks

Question 14

A palaeontologist studies

Answer 14

Fossils

Question 15

What are some fossil items?

Answer 15

Dinosaur footprints, Impressions of the skin of an ancient fish, An impression of the leaf of an ancient plant, Dinosaur bones

Question 16

The half life of an element

Answer 16

The time it takes for half the radioactive atoms to decay

Question 17

Radiometric dating is used to determine

Answer 17

The absolute age of rocks

Question 18

A dinosaur footprint is an example of a

Answer 18

Trace fossil

Question 19

What does ectothermic mean

Answer 19

Body temperature that fluctuates (varies) with the environment

Question 20

Describe two causes of weathering

Answer 20

Wind, Water, Acid rain

Question 21

What is the difference between sandstone and conglomerate rock?

Answer 21

Sandstone is pure sand, Conglomerate contains pebbles

Question 22

Give uses for 3 sedimentary rocks

Answer 22

Limestone is used to make cement, Coal is used for fuel, Sandstone and Basalt are used for buildings

Question 23

Give two factors that affect the formation of metamorphic rocks

Answer 23

Type of rock, Pressure, Amount of heat

Question 24

Describe two ways that fossils may be formed

Answer 24

Deposition, Petrification (replaces original material by filling pore spaces with minerals)

Question 25

Why may we have not found a fossil of every living creature that has existed on earth?

Answer 25

Fossils might’ve broken down, Too deep to be found, Has to be particular conditions for fossils to form

Question 26

How might we find fossil remains of an organism that include soft tissue parts as well as hard structures like wood and bone?

Answer 26

Sudden Flood/Burial

Question 27

How could an asteroid wipe out all the dinosaurs if it hit only a very small section (overall) of the Earth’s surface

Answer 27

Because of the dust it creates

Question 28

What is unique about preserved fossils?

Answer 28

Preserved fossils are plants or animals that still have their inner and outer flesh intact

Question 29

What type of fossil’s bone is replaced by minerals, forming a replica pf the bone that was once there?

Answer 29

Mold fossil

Question 30

What can fossils tell us about past animals and life?

Answer 30

Information about the past environment, Where animals came from, What animals from the past looked like