Earth Science Flashcards
What geological process occur when a denser plate goes under a less dense plate
Subduction
natural geologic phenomena that are caused by the sudden movement of large volume of rocks
Earthquake
type of earthquake that is caused by the movement along faults and plate boundaries
Tectonic
type of earthquake caused by a volcanic activity
Volcanic
Faults are horizontally positioned. True or False.
True
point where the earthquake begins
Focus
the point directly above the focus
Epicenter
rupture or slippage along the fractures of Earth’s crust
Fault
study of earthquakes and seismic waves
Seismology
produced by the release of energy; all directions from the focus
Seismic waves
2 types of seismic waves
Body waves and Surface waves
faster types of waves that goes beneath the surface
Body waves
waves that go below or around the surface
Surface Waves
fastest wave that can travel through solid, liquid, and gasses
P waves (Primary waves)
Primary waves are also known as
compressional waves
slower waves that can only travel through solids
S waves (Secondary waves)
S waves are also known as
shear waves
rolling waves
R waves (Rayleigh Waves)
waves that have side-to-side movement and most damaging
L waves (Love waves)
the measure of the earthquake’s size
Magnitude
the degree of shaking; decreases with distance from the epicenter
Intensity
method used to find the epicenter of an earthquake
Triangulation Method
distribution of mountain ranges are described as
not randomly distributed
distribution of volcanoes are
randomly distributed
distribution of earthquake epicenters are
randomly distributed
apparatus to measure and record vibrations of the earth
Seismograph
areas where volcanoes, mountain ranges, and epicenters are located
Seismic Zones
the theory is that the Earth’s Lithosphere is divided into so-called tectonic plates
Plate Tectonics Theory
this is theorized to move on top of the Asthetnosphere
Plate Tectonics/Tectonic PLates
region around much of the rim of the pacific plate where many volcanic eruptions and earthquake occur
Pacific Ring of Fire
lines at the edges of the different places of the lithosphere
Plate Boundaries
transform boundary found in California
San Andreas Fault
most geologically active fault in the philippines
West valley fault
West Valley Fault are also known as
Marikina Fault Line
type of plate boundary where two plates slide past each other
Transform
type of plate boundary where two plates moves towards one another
Convergent boundary
Convergent boundary are also known as
Reverse fault or Destructive Boundary
type of plate boundary where two plates move away from each other
Divergent
Divergent Boundary are also known as
Normal fault or Constructive BOundary
thinnest and outermost layer of the earth
Crust
lower crust and upper mantle; capable of flowing like semi-liquid
Lithosphere
what is the movement in the Earth’s mantle that causes the plates to move
convection current
special feature of the mantle where tectonic plates are moving and located
Asthenosphere
movement of heated material as a result of differences in density
convection
strong lower part of the mantle
Mesosphere
Mantle is made of what elements
Mg, O, Si, Fe
made up of molten or liqiuid Iron and Nickel
Outer Core
made up of solid Iron and Nickel
Inner core
the inner core stays solid despite of hot temperature because of a phenomena called
pressure freezing
cause of plate movement which is described as a warm mantle current drive and carry the plates along the conveyer belt in a circular motion
Mantle Convection Current
cause of plate movement where there is a buoyant force; ability to float
Ridge Push
cause of plate movement where subduction process where the denser plate goes below the less dense pkate
Slab Pull
the theory that all continents were once part of a single landmass
Continental Drift Theory
supercontinent that is believed to be one single landmass before the continental drift
Pangaea
proposed a theory that all continents were one part of a single landmass
Alfred Wegener
type of crust which is denser
oceanic crust
oceanic crust is denser because of
basalt
continental crust is made up of
granite
thicker crust
continental crust
what does sonar use to measure the depth of water
Sound waves
the longer the sound waves take back, the less deep the water is. True or FALSE.
False
rocks are _____ at mid-ocean ridge
younger
the distance the crust from the ridge the _____ increases
age of the crust
_____ rocks are thinner at the ridge
Sediment/Sedimentary
rocks at the oceanic floor is ______ than continents
younger
who proposed the theory of seafloor spreading
Harry Hess and Robert Dietz
most important fossil plant that proves the continent is drifting
Glossopetris
shaped the pacific floor using sonar
Harry Hess
three theory evidences that the plates are moving
Continental Drift, Seafloor spreading, Magnetic reversal
waves that moves up and down
surface waves
deepest geological feature
tench
