Earth Science

Question 1

What is the absolute age of the Earth?

Answer 1

4.7 billion years old

Question 2

Who formulated the Law of Superposition?

Answer 2

Nicolas Steno(1638 - 1686)

Question 3

A Danish anatomist

Answer 3

Nicolas Steno

Question 4

The law simply states that, in an undeformed or undisturbed layer of sedimentary rocks

Answer 4

Law of Superposition

Question 5

The rock layer found at the bottom is the______

Answer 5

Oldest

Question 6

The rock layer is found at the top is ________

Answer 6

Youngest

Question 7

Sequence of rock layers

Answer 7

Strata

Question 8

States that sediments are generally deposited in a horizontal manner

Answer 8

Law of Original Horizontality

Question 9

In Law of Original Horizontality Steno observed that thin layers of sediments were deposited in a ____________

Answer 9

Horizontal manner

Question 10

States that, sedimentary rocks and/or sediments extends laterally in all directions until such time that it thins-out or terminated by the edges of a basin in a depositional environment.

Answer 10

Principle of Lateral Continuity

Question 11

The principle of Cross-cutting Relationship is credited to who?

Answer 11

James Hutton (1726—1797)

Question 12

Examples of igneous intrusion.

Answer 12

sills and dikes

Question 13

Igneous intrusion that intersects through a layer of rock, is younger than the rock it cuts through.

Answer 13

Principle of Cross-cutting Relationship

Question 14

Who observe the Principle of fossil succession?

Answer 14

William Smith (1769-1839)

Question 15

he was the one who noted that fossil content
existed in a determinable order in rock layers.

Who is this person?

Answer 15

William Smith

Question 16

states that a rock fragment found inside another rock layer or formation (e.g. sandstone found inside a dike), is older than the rock containing it.

Answer 16

Inclusion

Question 17

It describes periods of nondeposition and/or erosion which can be observed between two rock layers.

Answer 17

Uncomformities

Question 18

Types of Unconformities

Answer 18

Disconformity

Nonconformity

Angular unconformity

Question 19

When an igneous or metamorphic rock is overlain by sedimentary strata, this is called a nonconformity.

Answer 19

Nonconformity

Question 20

This is characterized by an erosion surface that separates two rock layers of different ages, which are generally parallel with each other.

Answer 20

Disconformity

Question 21

In a cross-section, disconformities are usually shown by _______

Answer 21

Wavy lines

Question 22

This type of unconformity is represented by titled sedimentary layers overlain by horizontal sedimentary.

Answer 22

Angular unconformity