EARTH SCI

Question 1

happens when iron reacts with oxygen, leading to rust formation and the breakdown of rocks.

Answer 1

OXIDATION

Question 2

a type of mechanical weathering, also called FROST ACTION, occurs when water enters cracks in rocks, treezes, expands, and causes the rocks to break apart.

Answer 2

FREEZING AND THAWING

Question 3

Rocks that change due to pressure and heat are classified as

Answer 3

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Question 4

metamorphic rocks form around igneous intrusions under high temperatures and relatively low, uniform pressures.

Answer 4

NON-FOLIATED ROCKS

Question 5

metamorphic rocks form around igneous intrusions under high temperatures and relatively low, uniform pressures.

Answer 5

NON-FOLIATED ROCKS

Question 6

metamorphic rocks form under high, unequal pressures within Earth’s interior, where directed pressure dominates.

Answer 6

FOLIATED ROCKS

Question 7

form from cooled magma or lava, derived from the Latin word “ignis,” meaning fire.

Answer 7

IGNEOUS ROCKS

Question 8

form from cooled magma or lava, derived from the Latin word “ignis,” meaning fire.

Answer 8

IGNEOUS ROCKS

Question 9

the internal heat retained from the early stages of Earth’s formation during its evolution.

Answer 9

PRIMORDIAL HEAT

Question 10

generated from the decay of radioactive isotopes in Earth’s interior.

Answer 10

RADIOGENIC HEAT

Question 11

the grinding of rocks by other rocks (correct), and halo-clasty refers to the formation of salt crystals which expand cracks in rocks after water evaporates.

Answer 11

ABRASION

Question 12

involves upward movement of the earth’s mostly solid mantle

Answer 12

DECOMPRESSION MELTING

Question 13

Magma can also be created when hot, liquid rock intrudes into the Earth’s crust. As the liquid rock solidifies, it loses this heat and transfer it to the surrounding crust.Repeated intrusions can transfer enough heat to increase the local geothermal gradient and cause melting of the surrounding rock and this creates a new magma

Answer 13

TRANSFER OF HEAT

Question 14

occurs when water or carbon dioxide is added to rocks. The compounds cause the rock to melt at lower temperature

Answer 14

FLUX MELTING

Question 15

occurs when water or carbon dioxide is added to rocks. The compounds cause the rock to melt at lower temperature

Answer 15

FLUX MELTING

Question 16

consists of the continental shelf, slope, and rise.

Answer 16

THE CONTINENTAL MARGIN

Question 17

MOUNTAIN CHAINS under the sea are referred to as

Answer 17

OCEANIC RIDGES

Question 18

found at the center of mid-ocean ridges, these are deep, narrow depressions (1000-3000 m deep) that result from tectonic plates moving apart.

Answer 18

RIFT VALLEY

Question 19

a large submerged volcanic mountains that rise from the ocean floor but do not break the ocean’s surface.

Answer 19

SEAMOUNT

Question 20

created by the eruption of volcanoes from the ocean floor.

Answer 20

VOLCANIC ISLAND

Question 21

a flat, small, and elevated landforms located in the deep ocean, formed by the accumulation of sediments over time.

Answer 21

ABYSSAL PLAIN

Question 22

submerged border of a continent, gently sloping and transitioning into the deeper ocean.

Answer 22

CONTINENTAL SHELF

Question 23

the steep slope between the outer edge of the continental shelf and the deep ocean floor

Answer 23

CONTINENTAL SLOPE

Question 24

the gently sloping area found at the base of the continental slope, marking the transition to the deep ocean floor.

Answer 24

CONTINENTAL RISE

Question 25

describes how continents have shifted positions over geological time.

Answer 25

CONTINENTAL DRIFT

Question 26

a German meteorologist, introduced this theory in the early 20th century.

Answer 26

ALFRED WEGENER

Question 27

shows how the edges of continents align, suggesting they were once part of a supercontinent.

Answer 27

TOPOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE

Question 28

shows how the edges of continents align, suggesting they were once part of a supercontinent.

Answer 28

TOPOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE

Question 29

emits sound waves and detects echoes to create underwater maps.

Answer 29

SONAR (Sound Navigation and
Ranging)

Question 30

a movement of tectonic plates toward each other, resulting in collisions that form mountains, trenches, or volcanic activity.

Answer 30

CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

Question 31

occurs where plates move towards each other, often resulting in one plate being subducted beneath the other.

Answer 31

CONVERGENT BOUNDARY

Question 32

a movement of tectonic plates away from each other, leading to the formation of new crust, such as mid-ocean ridges.

Answer 32

DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

Question 33

A _______ at ocean plates often leads to a rift valley where new oceanic crust is formed.

Answer 33

DIVERGENT BOUNDARY

Question 34

a movement of tectonic plates sliding past each other horizontally, causing earthquakes.

Answer 34

TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY

Question 35

a critical zone of transition marking the steep descent from the continental shelf to the ocean floor.

Answer 35

CONTINENTAL SLOPE

Question 36

a deep, narrow depressions formed where one tectonic plate subducts under another, marking a boundary between ocean basins and continental areas.

Answer 36

TRENCH

Question 37

refer to layers of rock, typically formed through sedimentary processes.

Answer 37

STRATA

Question 38

the study of rock layers and their sequence, composition, and historical significance.

Answer 38

STRATIGRAPHY

Question 39

The opening in the ridge is referred to as a

Answer 39

RIFT VALLEY

Question 40

formed at divergent boundaries where plates move apart, allowing magma to rise and solidify.

Answer 40

NEW OCEANIC CRUST