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LPU 1ST MONTHLY EXAM > EARTH SCI > Flashcards

EARTH SCI Flashcards

1
Q

this is a cosmological model explaining how the universe began

A

the big bang theory

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2
Q

the big bang theory suggests that the universe began as a

A

singularity

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2
Q

this is the formation of elements, such as hydrogen and helium

A

nucleosynthesis

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3
Q

the big bang theory states that as the universe expanda

A

its density decreases

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4
Q

what are the evidences that support the bnig bang theoru

A

expansion of the universe, high evidences of light elements, detection of cosmic microwave background (cmb) radaition

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4
Q

who are the proponents of the big bang theory

A

georges henri joseph edouard lemaitre, edwin powell hubble, arno penzias, robert wilson

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5
Q

arno penzias and robert wilson discovered that microwave with wavelenghts abouth

A

7 centimeters were present in space

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5
Q

who is considered the first proponent of the big bang theory

A

georges henri joseph edouard lemaitre

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5
Q

hubbles law provided evidence that the universe

A

was not static but expanding

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6
Q

this states that the relationship of the velocities of distant objects in the universe is directly proportional to their distance from earth

A

hubbles law

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6
Q

american astronomers

A

arno penzias and robert wilson

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6
Q

he was an american astronomer who established hubbles law

A

edwin powell hubble

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7
Q

what is the nearest galaxt in the milky way

A

andromeda galaxy

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8
Q

this is believed to be the thermal energy released when the ionized gases became neutral particles as the early universe cooled down

A

cmf radiation

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8
Q

the waves were referred to as

A

cosmic microwave background radiation

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9
Q

what are the drawbakcs of the big bang theory

A

it fails to explain how the universe was created, the big bang theory violates the assumptions of the first law if thermodynamics, formation of galaxies and millions of stars in the universe is against the assumptions of the law of entropy

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10
Q

this theory states that the universe has no beginning and no end

A

steady state theory

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11
Q

the steady state theory suggests that the univverse

A

has always been here and will always be present

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12
Q

who are the proponents of the steady state theory

A

hermann bondi, thomas gold, and fred hoyle

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13
Q

drawbacks of the steady stae theory

A

it is not parallel with the law of conservation of energy and mass

13
Q

when was the steady state theory proposed

A

1948

14
Q

the steady state theory explained that cosmic radiation is a result of a

A

supernova

15
Q

this theory discusses that the universe is expanding and will contract once all the energy after the big bang has been used up , only to expand again once it approaches new universe

A

the oscillating theory

16
Q

the oscillating theory is also know aas

A

pulsating theory

17
Q

the oscillating universe theory suggest that once the universe reverses and attains the point of singularity, another universe will be born

A

this is referred to as the big bounce

18
Q

this occurs when the universe expand and eventually reverses , then collapses, causing the formation of a singularity

A

big crunch

19
Q

an american mathematical physicist and physical chemist theorized that the universe may be the first in the cycle

A

richard tolman

20
Q

what is richard tolmans monograph

A

relativility, thermodynamics, and cosmology

21
Q

drawbacks of the oscillating universe theory

A

this theory suggests that the universe would collapse on its own after it reaches its full expansion, big freeze or heat death

22
Q

according to the nebular theory, the solar system originated from a

A

nebula

23
Q

a nebula contains

A

hydrogen, helium

24
Q

this is a giant cloud of gas and dust in space

A

nebula

25
Q

what are the major steps in the formation of the solar system

A

cloud collapse, formation of protoplanetary disks, growth of planets

26
Q

a shockwave from a supernova or the effect of a passing star may cause a

A

cloud collapse

27
Q

is a small celestial body that once collide together

A

planetesimal

28
Q

proponents of the nebular theory

A

emmanuel swedenburg, immanuel kant , pierre- simon laplace

29
Q

drawbacks of the nebular theory

A

particles surrounding saturn repel each other, it does not follow the law of angular momentum, it did not consider uranus and venus which rotates in a clockwise direction direction,

30
Q

this theory proposes that the planets were formed from the material ejected from the sun during an encounter with another celestial object such as another star

A

the encounter theory

31
Q

two form of encounter theory

A

planetesimal theory and tidal theory

32
Q

this theory proposes that a passing star termed as intruding star nearly collided with the protosin

A

planetesimal theory

32
Q

drawbacks of the planetesimal theory

A

it is no longer accepted todat

33
Q

proponents of the planetesimal theory

A

thomas chrowder chamberlin, forest ray moulton

34
Q

this theory explains that the solar system formed as a result of a near collision between a passing star and the sun

A

tidal theory

35
Q

proponents of the tidal theoru

A

james jeans, harold jefreys

36
Q

drawbacks of the tidal theory

A

the hot material from either star cannot contract

37
Q

it is relatively cool and only faintly luminous

A

red dwarfs

38
Q

it is a shell of gas from the outer part of the star that goes into space tof orm

A

planetary nebula

39
Q

when the hydrogen supply begins to run low in a star, further gravitational contraction makes its core hotter, and the nuclear reaction become possible

A

white dwarf

40
Q

it is a lifeless lump of water

A

black dwarf

LPU 1ST MONTHLY EXAM (5 decks)

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