Earth's Interior

Question 1

Who are geologists

Answer 1

Scientists who study earth in the process that have shaped earth overtime

Question 2

What are the three main layers of the earth

Answer 2

The crust the mantle and the core

Question 3

What are silicates

Answer 3

Rocks made of compounds of silicon and oxygen

Question 4

What are the two different types of crust

Answer 4

Continental crust and oceanic crust

Question 5

What is the listhosphere

Answer 5

A layer of relatively cool rigid rock that includes the uppermost part of the mantle as well as the earths crust

Question 6

What is the asthenosphere

Answer 6

The layer in the middle of the mantle that consist of Softer weaker rock that could flow slowly

Question 7

What is the mesosphere

Answer 7

The stronger lower part of the mantle

Question 8

What are the two parts of the earth score and what do they do

Answer 8

The outer core in the inner core, The outer core keeps metal Liquid so because of the earths rotation the flowing iron of the outer core produces electric current and creates earths magnetic field, The inner core has very high pressure as a result of the inner core is solid

Question 9

What is a mineral.

Answer 9

A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystal structure and a characteristic chemical composition

Question 10

What are the different properties by which minerals can be identified

Answer 10

Crystal structure, color, Streak, luster, density, hardness, fracture, and cleavage

Question 11

What are the three major groups that rocks are classified to

Answer 11

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

Question 12

What is magma and what is lava

Answer 12

A mixture of molten rock and gases including water vapor which forms underground, and magma that flows out of volcanoes

Question 13

What is igneous rock and how does it form

Answer 13

Igneous rock is a rock that forms when molten material cools it solidifies either inside Earth or on the surface

Question 14

What is intrusive rock and extrusive rock?

Answer 14

Intrusive rock is igneous rock that forms underground from hardened magma, and extrusive rock is igneous rock that forms at the earths surface

Question 15

What does sediment consist of

Answer 15

It consists of small solid pieces of material that comes from rocks or living organisms

Question 16

What is sedimentary rock

Answer 16

A rock that forms over time as sediment is squeeze and cemented together

Question 17

What are the three main types of sedimentary rock and how do they form

Answer 17

Clastic rock, they form from broken fragments of other rocks
Chemical rock, they formed when minerals precipitate out of solution
Organic rock, they form as a result of organic processes

Question 18

What is metamorphic rock and how does it form

Answer 18

Metamorphic rock is rock that has been changed by temperature, pressure, or reactions with hot water. Metamorphic rocks form when a rock is transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.

Question 19

What is the rock cycle and what happens in it

Answer 19

The rock cycle is a series of processes in which rock continuously change from one type to another. In the rock cycle, forces within earth and the surface cause rocks to change form

Question 20

What is plate tectonics

Answer 20

The theory that pieces of the earths lithosphere called plates move about slowly on top of a asthenosphere, it explains the formation and movement of the earths plates

Question 21

What is continental drift

Answer 21

It’s the process in which the continents move slowly across earths surface

Question 22

What is a mid-ocean ridge

Answer 22

A huge crack in the Earth’s crust where magma is pulled up word

Question 23

What is sea-floor spreading and what does it do and how does subduction effected

Answer 23

Sea-floor spreading is the process by which new oceanic crust is created at mid-ocean ridges as older crust moves away. It creates new oceanic crust made-oceanic ridges. Subduction destroys old oceanic crust at subduction zones

Question 24

What is subduction

Answer 24

It is the process of which old oceanic plates sink into the mantle

Question 25

What is Geology

Answer 25

The study of planet Earth, including its composition and structure

Question 26

What are the three types of plate boundaries and what do they do

Answer 26

Divergent boundaries, plates move away from each other along them
Convergent boundaries, plates come together or collide at them
Transform boundaries, plates slide past each other, moving in opposite directions

Question 27

Why do most mountains form along plate boundaries charge

Answer 27

Because when plates collide the crust buckles, folds, and Thickens, pushing up the mountains

Question 28

What is an earthquake

Answer 28

A movement of Lithosphere that occurs when the rocks in the lithosphere suddenly shift, releasing stored energy.

Question 29

What are seismic waves

Answer 29

A small portion of the energy released during an earthquake is carried by vibrations called seismic waves

Question 30

What is a tsunami

Answer 30

A large sea waves generated by an underwater earthquake, volcano, or landslide.

Question 31

Why do earthquakes happen

Answer 31

because stress forces have exceeded the strength of rock

Question 32

What is Stress

Answer 32

Stress is a force that squeezes rocks together, stretches or pulls them apart, or pushes them in different directions

Question 33

what happens when tectonic plates move

Answer 33

They cause stress in the crust which in turn produces faults and folds

Question 34

What is a fault

Answer 34

a break in a mass of rock along which movement occurs

Question 35

What is a fold

Answer 35

A bend in layers of rock

Question 36

What is the focus and the epicenter

Answer 36

Focus is where the earthquake begins. Epicenter is the location on the earth surface directly above the focus

Question 37

What are the three main types of seismic waves and what do they do

Answer 37

P waves, are longitudinal waves similar to sound waves, can travel through solids and liquids
S waves, are transverse waves, like light, can only travel through solids
Surface waves, waves that develop when seismic waves reach Earths surface,

Question 38

What is a seismograph and what is it used for

Answer 38

A device that can detect and record seismic waves, it is used to measure earthquakes and pinpoint their epicenters

Question 39

Why are earthquakes concentrated along plate boundaries

Answer 39

Because that is where many faults are found

Question 40

What is a volcano

Answer 40

A Mountain that forms when magma reaches the surface

Question 41

How does a volcano form

Answer 41

Under certain conditions small amounts of mantle rock can melt forming liquid magma. The magma rises upwards through the crust erupting at the surface as a volcano

Question 42

What are the structures of the volcano and what are they used for

Answer 42

Magma chamber, a pocket collects magma
Pipe, magma rises to the surface in the pipe
Vent, opening in the ground where magma escapes
Crater, bowl-shaped pit at the top of the volcano

Question 43

What are the two types of volcano eruptions, what do they do,

Answer 43

Quiet eruption, lava flows quietly and quickly from volcano
Explosive eruptions, thick magma can clog the pipe causing massif pressure to build up and finally the magma explodes out of the volcano