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World Capitals > Chemistry Test > Flashcards

Chemistry Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Substances can be classified into what two categories?

A

Elements and compounds

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2
Q

What is a substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances

A

An element

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3
Q

What is the smallest particle of an element

A

An atom

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4
Q

Why does an atom have a fixed composition

A

Because it contain only one type of element

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5
Q

What is a substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances

A

A compound

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6
Q

What does a compound always contains

A

Two or more elements joined at fixed proportion

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7
Q

What is any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter

A

A chemical property

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8
Q

What can only be observed when the substances in a sample of matter are changing in different substances

A

Chemical properties

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9
Q

What is a materials ability to burn in the presence of oxygen

A

Flammability

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10
Q

What is the property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with another substance

A

Reactivity

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11
Q

What occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances

A

A chemical change

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12
Q

What are the three common types of evidence for a chemical change

A

Change in color, production of gas, and the formation of a precipitate,

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13
Q

What is any solid that forms a liquid mixture called

A

A precipitate

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14
Q

What is the difference between a chemical change and a physical change

A

Chemical change: changes composition of matter

Physical change: composition of matter stays the same

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15
Q

What is a dense positively charged center of the Atom

A

The nucleus

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16
Q

What are the subatomic particles

A

Protons, electrons, neutrons

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17
Q

What is a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an Atom

A

Proton

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18
Q

What is a negatively charged subatomic particle found outside nucleus of an atom

A

Electron

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19
Q

What is a neutral subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus

A

Neutron

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20
Q

Matter that always has exactly the same composition is classified as a what?

A

A pure substance

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21
Q

Protons electrons and neutrons can be distinguished by what

A

Mass, charge, and location in Atom

22
Q

What of elements equals the number of protons in an atom of that element

A

Atomic number

23
Q

Atoms of different elements have different numbers of what

A

Protons

24
Q

What is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus in an Atom

A

The mass number

25
Q

The possible energies that electrons in an Atom can have Are called what

A

Energy levels

26
Q

What’s in a Atom can move from one energy level to another when the atom gains or loses energy

A

An electron

27
Q

What is a visual model of the most likely locations for electrons and Atom

A

Electron cloud

28
Q

Scientists use what to describe the possible locations of electrons around the nucleus

A

An electron cloud model

29
Q

What is a region of space around the nucleus were an electron is most likely to be found

A

An orbital

30
Q

What is a good approximation of how electrons behave in the orbitals

A

An electron cloud

31
Q

What is the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an Atom

A

An electron configuration

32
Q

What is the most stable electron configuration

A

When electrons are in their orbitals with the lowest possible energies

33
Q

What is it called when all the electrons in and atom have the lowest possible energies

A

Ground state

34
Q

What is an arrangement of elements in column based on a set of properties that repeat from Row to row

A

A periodic table

35
Q

What are the elements arranged by in the modern periodic table

A

Atomic number

36
Q

What is a value that depends on the distribution of elements isotopes in nature and the masses of those isotopes

A

Atomic mass

37
Q

What is defined as one twelfth the mass of a Carbon – 12 Atom

A

Atomic mass unit

38
Q

What are elements classified as

A

Metals, nonmetals, metalloids

39
Q

What are elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat

A

Metals

40
Q

What are elements that form a bridge between the elements on the left and right sides of the table

A

Transition metals

41
Q

What are elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current

A

Nonmetals

42
Q

What are elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals

A

Metalloids

43
Q

Across a period from left to right do elements become more nonmetallic or more metallic in their properties

A

More nonmetallic

44
Q

What is an electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an Atom

A

A valence electron

45
Q

Why do elements in a group have similar properties

A

Because they have the same number of valence electrons

46
Q

What are elements in group 1A called

A

Alkali metals

47
Q

The reactivity of alkali metals increases from the top of group 1A bottom or bottom to top

A

Top to bottom

48
Q

What are elements in group 2A called

A

Alkaline earth metals

49
Q

How are differences in the reactivity among alkaline earth metals shown

A

By the way they react to water

50
Q

The elements in group 8A are called what

A

Noble gases

51
Q

What are colorless and odorless and extremely unreactive

A

The noble gases

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